Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of Fructus ligustri lucidi on the growth, cell integrity, and metabolic activity of the Microcystis aeruginosa

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Agricultural waste has been used in the treatment of cyanobacterial bloom because of its environmental friendly and cost-efficient characteristics. In this work, the effects of Fructus ligustri lucidi (FLL) on the growth inhibition, physiological properties, algicidal property, and cell ultrastructure of Microcystis aeruginosa were investigated for the first time. The alga was efficiently inhibited by FLL at the dosages from 0.25 to 4.0 g L−1, and the Chl-a fluorescence and metabolic activity of cells also declined gradually. During 25 days incubation time, the inhibition ratio of 0.25 g L−1 dosage increased from 8 to 68 %, the percentage of intact cells decreased from 94.4 to 59.8 %, the inhibition ratio of 2.0 and 4.0 g L−1 dosages was nearly 100 %, and the cell membranes were completely broken. The results of Chl-a, propidium iodide (PI) staining, fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assays were consistent with that of growth inhibition tests. The new medium test with the PI staining test suggested that FLL may act as an algicidal agent which can inhibit the growth of M. aeruginosa in the acute time. Consequently, FLL could be an excellent choice in the treatment of eutrophic water.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

FLL:

Fructus ligustri lucidi

PI:

Propidium iodide

FDA:

Fluorescein diacetate

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

FCM:

Flow cytometry

IR:

Inhibition ratio

PPU:

The percentage of PI-unstained cells

MFI:

The mean fluorescence intensity

PSC:

The proportion of single cell

PCC:

The proportion of two connected cells during cell division

References

  • Allen MM, Stanier RY (1968) Selective isolation of blue-green algae form water and soil. J Gen Microbiol 51:203–209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brookes JD, Geary SM, Ganf GG, Burch MD (2000) Use of FDA and flow cytometry to assess metabolic activity as an indicator of nutrient status in phytoplankton. Mar Freshw Res 51:817–823

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang SC, Li CH, Lin JJ, Li YH, Lee MR (2014) Effective removal of Microcystis aeruginosa and microcystin-LR using nanosilicate platelets. Chemosphere 99:49–55

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen JZ, Liu ZL, Guan JR, Li PF, Jiang YW (2004) Control of Microcystis aeruginosa TH01109 with Batangas mandarin skin and dwarf banana peel. Water SA 30:279–282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choe S, Jung IH (2002) Growth inhibition of freshwater algae by ester compounds released from rotted plants. J Ind Eng Chem 8:297–304

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chow CWK, Drikas M, House J, Burch MD, Velzeboer RMA (1999) The impact of conventional water treatment processes on cells of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Water Res 33:3253–3262

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Churro C, Alverca E, Sam-Bento F, Paulino S, Figueira VC, Bento AJ, Prabhakar S, Lobo AM, Calado AJ, Pereira P (2009) Effects of bacillamide and newly synthesized derivatives on the growth of cyanobacteria and microalgae cultures. J Appl Phycol 21:429–442

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cruz OR, Anaya AL, Ramos L (1988) Effects of allelopathic compounds of corn pollen on respiration and cell division of watermelon. J Chem Ecol 14:71–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrier MD, Butler BR, Terlizzi DE, Lacouture R (2005) The effects of barley straw (Hordeum vulgare) on the growth of freshwater algae. Bioresour Technol 96:1788–1795

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgerald GP, Faust SL (1963) Factors affecting algicidal and algistatic properties of copper. Appl Microbiol 11:345–351

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galindo JCG, Dayan FE, Tellez MR, Macias FA, Paul RN, Duke SO, Hernandez A (1999) Dehydrozaluzanin C, a natural sesquiterpenolide, causes rapid plasma membrane leakage. Phytochemistry 52:805–813

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gao L, Yuan T, Zhou CQ, Cheng P, Bai QF, Ao JJ, Wang WH, Zhang HM (2013) Effects of four commonly used UV filters on the growth, cell viability and oxidative stress responses of the Tetrahymena thermophila. Chemosphere 93:2507–2513

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gattás-Hallak AM, Chamma L, Souza D, Souza IF (1999) Effects of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) root exudates on the cell cycle of the bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) root. Genet Mol Biol 22:95–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gross EM, Meyer H, Schilling G (1996) Release and ecological impact of algicidal hydrolysable polyphenols in Myriophyllun spicatum. Phytochemistry 41:133–138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo L (2007) Ecology-doing battle with the green monster of Taihu Lake. Science 317:1166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagmann L, Juttner F (1996) Fischerellin A, a novel photosystem-II-inhibiting allelochemical of the cyanobacterium Fischerella muscicola with antifungal and herbicidal activity. Tetrahedron Lett 37:6529–6542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hong Y, Hu Y, Li RM (2008) Growth and physiological responses of freshwater green alga Selenastrum capricornutum to allelochemical ethyl 2-methyl acetoacetate (EMA) under different initial algal densities. Pestic Biochem Physiol 90:203–212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuiper-Goodman T, Falconer I, Fitzgerald J (1999) Toxic cyanobacteria in water: a guide to their public health consequences, monitoring, and management. E & FN Spon, London, pp 113–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Li R, Wilhelm SW, Carmichael WW, Watanabe MM (2008) Polyphasic characterization of water bloom forming Raphidiopsis species (cyanobacteria) from central China. Harmful Algae 7:146–153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu YP, Yang JW, Su YW (2013) Inhibition of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze on Microcystis aeruginosa and isolation of the inhibition factors. Biotechnol Lett 35:1029–1034

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mortimer M, Kasemets K, Kahru A (2010) Toxicity of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles to ciliated protozoa Tetrahymena thermophila. Toxicology 269:182–189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ni LX, Acharya K, Ren GX, Li SY, Li YP, Li Y (2013) Preparation and characterization of anti-algal sustained-release granules and their inhibitory effects on algae. Chemosphere 91:608–615

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park MH, Han MS, Ahn CY, Kim HS, Yoon BD, Oh HM (2006) Growth inhibition of bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa by rice straw extract. Lett Appl Microbiol 43:307–312

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pradeep R, Fan LH, Nguyen T, Roddick FA (2012) Impact of sonication at 20 kHz on Microcystis aeruginosa, Anabaena circinalis and Chlorella sp. Water Res 46:1473–1481

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qian H, Chen W, Sheng GD, Xu X, Liu W, Fu Z (2008) Effects of glufosinate on antioxidant enzymes, subcellular structure, and gene expression in the unicellular green alga Chlorella vulgaris. Aquat Toxicol 88:301–307

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qian HF, Xu XY, Chen W, Jiang H, Jin YX (2009) Allelochemical stress causes oxidative damage and inhibition of photosynthesis in Chlorella vulgaris. Chemosphere 75:368–375

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rioboo C, O’Connor JE, Prado R, Herrero C, Cid A (2009) Cell proliferation alterations in Chlorella cells under stress conditions. Aquat Toxicol 94:229–237

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rotman B, Papermaster BW (1966) Membrane properties of living mammalian cells as studied by enzymatic hydrolysis of fluorogenic esters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 55:134–141

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saruyama N, Sakakura Y, Asano T, Nishiuchi T, Sasamoto H, Kodama H (2013) Quantification of metabolic activity of cultured plant cells by vital staining with fluorescein diacetate. Anal Biochem 441:58–62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schnürer J, Rosswall T (1982) Fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis as a measure of total microbial activity in soil and litter. Appl Environ Microbiol 43:1256–1261

    Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava A, Juttner F, Strasser RJ (1998) Action of the allelochemical, fischerellin A, on photosystem II. Biochim Biophys Acta 1364:326–336

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuda K, Takamura N, Matsuyama M, Fujii Y (2005) Assessment method for leaf litters allelopathic effect on cyanobacteria. J Aquat Plant Manag 43:43–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Apeldoorn ME, Van Egmond HP, Speijers GJA, Bakker GJI (2007) Toxins of cyanobacteria. Mol Nutr Food Res 51:7–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waybright TJ, Terlizzi DE, Ferrier MD (2009) Chemical characterization of the aqueous algistatic fraction of barley straw (Hordeum vulgare) inhibiting Microcystis aeruginosa. J Appl Phycol 21:333–340

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao X, Chen YX, Liang XQ, Lou LP, Tang XJ (2010) Effects of Tibetan hulless barley on bloom-forming cyanobacterium (Microcystis aeruginosa) measured by different physiological and morphologic parameters. Chemosphere 81:1118–1123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang SL, Zhang B, Xing KZ, Zhang XM, Tian XR, Dai W (2010) Inhibitory effects of golden thread (Coptis chinensis) and berberine on Microcystis aeruginosa. Water Sci Technol 61:763–769

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zouboulis A, Samaras P, Ntampou X, Petala M (2007) Potential ozone applications for water/wastewater treatment. Sep Sci Technol 42:1433–1446

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University. We thank Tingzhang Wu and Yonglong Zhuang for assisting in the preparation of this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, No. 111, Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China

    Yun Wu & Zhongze Zhou

  2. Institute of Healthy Science, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China

    Honghua Ge

Authors
  1. Yun Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Honghua Ge
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zhongze Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhongze Zhou.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wu, Y., Ge, H. & Zhou, Z. Effects of Fructus ligustri lucidi on the growth, cell integrity, and metabolic activity of the Microcystis aeruginosa . Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 8471–8479 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3997-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3997-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation