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Relationships for mercury and selenium in muscle and ova of gravid freshwater fish

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Abstract

At high concentrations, mercury (Hg) is toxic to vertebrates, causing neurological, behavioral, and teratological dysfunction. Selenium (Se) not only is an essential element but also has a high affinity for Hg, binding to organic methyl mercury at a molar ratio of Se/Hg of 1:1. Ratios of <1 increase risk of Hg toxicity. For gravid fish, low concentrations of Se in ova could increase potential for Hg toxicity, compromising embryonic development and fitness of fry. Mercury and selenium concentrations and ratios were investigated in the muscle and ovaries of six species from five families of fish to assess potential for risk to ecological fitness. Molar ratios of Se/Hg in muscle were typically >18 for lower trophic level species but ≤2 for piscivores. For all species combined, the concentrations of Hg in ova were significantly related to concentrations of Hg in muscle. Concentrations of Se in ova versus muscle showed a similar significant relationship that was independent of muscle Hg concentration. Mean ova molar Se/Hg ratios were high, ranging from 69 to 955 for the 6 species. However, a declining relationship between the ova Se/Hg molar ratio and the muscle concentration of Hg for all species combined suggests that development of ova and fry might be compromised for those piscivores with the highest muscle Hg concentrations because of Hg-related Se deficiency.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Environment Canada. I thank Jim Syrgiannis for leading the fish collection program for Lake Diefenbaker and Aaron Balfour for assistance with processing fish in the laboratory.

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  1. Environment Canada, Room 300, Park Plaza, 2365 Albert Street, Regina, SK, S4P 4K1, Canada

    David B. Donald

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  1. David B. Donald
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Correspondence to David B. Donald.

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Donald, D.B. Relationships for mercury and selenium in muscle and ova of gravid freshwater fish. Environ Monit Assess 188, 582 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5567-x

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