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Effects of mining subsidence on masonry buildings in Zonguldak hard coal region in Turkey

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Abstract

Gallerias are the underground constructed results of mining. As these space in underground layers collapse, horizontal and vertical ground movements occur and movement which may reach the earth’s surface are known as mining subsidence. The result of underground displacement may cause surface ground movement which can be detrimental to masonry buildings especially in hard coal regions. Thorough familiarity with general and regional characteristics of an affected area can assist reduction of the effects. Zonguldak and the nearby settlement area, with a population of 300,000, constitute the centre of a hard coal basin where extensive mining has a history extending through 160 years. Mining constitutes the main economic activity in this region, and consequently influences every aspect of life. This study’s intent is to identify the effects of mining subsidence on masonry buildings in the mining area of Kozlu, Zonguldak, Turkey and illustrate them with selected images of damaged masonry buildings. Also included are satellite and mining galleria images.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Turkish Hard Coal Enterprise for its assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry Engineering, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey

    Eray Can & Şenol Kuşcu

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey

    Murat Emre Kartal

Authors
  1. Eray Can
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  2. Şenol Kuşcu
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  3. Murat Emre Kartal
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Correspondence to Eray Can.

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Can, E., Kuşcu, Ş. & Kartal, M.E. Effects of mining subsidence on masonry buildings in Zonguldak hard coal region in Turkey. Environ Earth Sci 66, 2503–2518 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1473-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1473-2

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