Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Biometric indices of wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) trees under resin extraction in Western Iran

  • Published:
Agroforestry Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Resin extraction from wild pistachio trees is an extant agroforestry practice in Western Iran. This practice plays a great socio-economic role in rural communities, but its effects on tree survival and forest stand persistence is still unknown. The objective of this study was to assess how this practice could affect the persistence of wild pistachio stands. Specifically, we (1) analyzed the biometric indices of wild pistachio trees under resin extraction vs untreated trees, and (2) evaluated the changes in the distribution of biometric indices classes of resonated wild pistachio trees. Two paired stands, including an unmanaged stand and a managed stand were selected. Tree species was recorded and diameter at breast height (dbh) for all trees (dbh ≥ 5 cm) was measured. Total height, trunk height, and crown diameters were measured in wild pistachio trees as well. Results indicated that the traditional method of resin extraction alters the frequency distribution of trees in all the biometric indices measured. The median dbh (36 cm and 26 cm in unmanaged and managed stands, respectively), total height (6.4 m and 5.1 m, respectively) and crown area (44.2 m2 and 23.3 m2, respectively) differed significantly between investigated stands. Trunk height (2.7 m and 3.2 m, respectively) and trunk height to total height ratio (0.43 and 0.62, respectively) were significantly higher in the managed stand. Resin-tapped trees reached a lower height and crown size for a given stem diameter, indicating that resin-tapping induce some kind of stress and/or consumption of resources that slow down tree growth.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bordbar SK, Hamzehpour M, Joukar L, Rayatinejad A (2006) Effect of conventional terbinthine exploitation on bark redress mechanism of wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica subsp. mutica). Iran J For poplar Res 14:127–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Budiadi KY, Ishii HT et al (2005) Productivity of kayu putih (Melaleuca leucadendron LINN) tree plantation managed in non-timber forest production systems in Java, Indonesia. Agrofor Syst 64:143–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-004-0777-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen F, Yuan Y, Yu S, Zhang T (2015) Influence of climate warming and resin collection on the growth of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) in a subtropical forest, southern China. Trees 29:1423–1430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-015-1222-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daryaei MG, Hoseiny SK, Taheri K et al (2010) Effect of morphological variables of Pistacia atlantica on gum and seed production. Iran J Biol 25:303–315

    Google Scholar 

  • Deafalla THH, Dafa-Alla DM, El AMM (2014) The importance of non wood forest products for rural livelihoods: the case of South Kordofan state, Sudan. In: Behnassi M, Shahid SA, Mintz-Habib N (eds) Science, policy and politics of modern agricultural system: global context to local dynamics of sustainable agriculture. Springer, Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 323–332

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Falconer J, Arnold JEM (1992) Household food security and forestry: an analysis of socio-economic issues. FAO, Italy, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Fallahchay MM, Firozan AH, Yosefei M et al (2009) Study vegetative characteristics Pistacia mutica in Mahparviz of Yasouj forests. Lahijan J life Sci 3:29–41

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1995) Non-wood forest products. Report of the international expert consultation on non-wood forest productstle, Rome, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  • Fattahi M (1995) Ecology of pistachio wild. In Paper presented at the first national seminar of pistachio. Ilam, Iran, pp 26–62

  • FRWO (2015) https://frw.org.ir/00/En/StaticPages/Page.aspx?tid=13237

  • Gakou M, Force JE, McLaughlin WJ (1994) Non-timber forest products in rural Mali: a study of villager use. Agrofor Syst 28:213–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00704757

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Génova M, Caminero L, Dochao J (2014) Resin tapping in Pinus pinaster: effects on growth and response function to climate. Eur J For Res 133:323–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-013-0764-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghahramany L, Saedizadeh F, Ghazanfari H (2016) Response of wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) to resin exploitation. J Wood For Sci Technol 23:25–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghazanfari H, Namiranian M, Sobhani H, Marvi Mohajer MR (2004) Traditional forest management and its application to encourage public participation for sustainable forest management in the northern Zagros mountains of Kurdistan Province. Iran Scand J For Res 19:65–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/14004080410034074

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hendrix LJ, Carter MW, Scott DT (1982) Covariance analyses with heterogeneity of slopes in fixed models. Biometrics 38:641–650. https://doi.org/10.2307/2530045

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hosseini V, Akhavan R, Tahmasebi M (2012) Effect of pistachio (Pistacia atlantica) canopy on the spatial distribution of soil chemical characteristics (case study: Sarvabad, Kurdistan). Iran J For 4:13

    Google Scholar 

  • Jazirehi MH, Ebrahimi Rastaghi M (2003) Silviculture in Zagros. University of Tehran, Tehran

    Google Scholar 

  • Karamshahi A, Tahmasbi M, Najafifar A (2004) Study the best method of resin extraction from Pistacia atlantica trees. Pajouhesh and sazandegi 66:62–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Lilliefors HW (1967) On the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for normality with mean and variance unknown. J Am Stat Assoc 62:399–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1967.10482916

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mbuvi D, Boon E (2009) The livelihood potential of non-wood forest products: the case of Mbooni division in Makueni district, Kenya. Environ Dev Sustain 11:989–1004. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-008-9163-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nair PR (1985) Classification of agroforestry systems. Agrofor Syst 3(2):97–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papadopoulos AM (2013) Resin tapping history of an aleppo pine forest in Central Greecele. Open For Sci J 6:50–53. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874398601306010050

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perez MR, Byron N (1999) A methodology to analyze divergent case studies of non-timber forest products and their development potential. For Sci 45:1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Pourreza M, Shaw JD, Zangeneh H (2008) Sustainability of wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) in Zagros forests. Iran For Ecol Manage 255:3667–3671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.057

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez R, Serrada R, Lucas JA et al (2008) Selvicultura de Pinus pinaster Ait. subsp. mesogeensis Fieschi & Gaussen. In: Serrada R, Montero G, Reque JA (eds) Compendio de Selvicultura Aplicada en España. INIA (Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias), Madrid, pp 399–430

    Google Scholar 

  • Rostamizad P, Hosseini V, Mohammadi Samani K (2019) Effects of Persian turpentine tree litter and slope aspect on soil chemical properties in a Zagros forest, Iran. J For Res 10:11–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-019-00950-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sabeti H (1994) Forests, trees, and shrubs of Iran, 2nd edn. Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran

    Google Scholar 

  • Saeidizadeh F, Ghahramany L, Ghazanfari H (2015) Impact of resin exploitation on diameter increment of Pistacia atlantica Desf. Trees. Iran J For Poplar Res 23:178–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Shackleton C, Shackleton S (2004) The importance of non-timber forest products in rural livelihood security and as safety nets: a review of evidence from South Africa. S Afr J Sci 100:658–664

    Google Scholar 

  • Sorrenti S (2017) Non-wood forest products in international statistical systems. FAO, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Statsoft INC (2010) Statistica. Data Anal Softw Syst Version 7:1984–2004

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomusiak R, Magnuszewski M (2009) Effect of resin tapping on radial increments of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Trace 7:151–157

    Google Scholar 

  • Valdivia C, Poulos C (2008) Factors affecting farm operators’ interest in incorporating riparian buffers and forest farming practices in northeast and southeast Missouri. Agrofor Syst 75:61–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-008-9129-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van der Maaten E, Mehl A, Wilmking M, van der Maaten-Theunissen M (2017) Tapping the tree-ring archive for studying effects of resin extraction on the growth and climate sensitivity of Scots pine. For Ecosyst 4:7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-017-0096-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang C (2006) Biomass allometric equations for 10 co-occurring tree species in Chinese temperate forests. For Ecol Manage 222:9–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.074

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wild RG, Mutebi J (1996) Conservation through community use of plant resources. People and plants working paper no 5., Paris, France

  • Wilson MH, Lovell ST (2016) Agroforestry—the next step in sustainable and resilient agriculture. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8060574

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zahedipour H, Fattahi M, Mirdavoodi H (2007) Study of distribution and habitats characteristics of wild pistachio in Markazi province: Area of Saghez mountain of Tafresh Township. Iran J Biol 20:191–199

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

    Ashna Yousefi

  2. Department of Forestry, The Center for Research and Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

    Loghman Ghahramany & Hedayat Ghazanfari

  3. Institute for Dehesa Research, University of Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain

    Fernando Pulido & Gerardo Moreno

Authors
  1. Ashna Yousefi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Loghman Ghahramany
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hedayat Ghazanfari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Fernando Pulido
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Gerardo Moreno
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Loghman Ghahramany.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file 1 (DOCX 260 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yousefi, A., Ghahramany, L., Ghazanfari, H. et al. Biometric indices of wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) trees under resin extraction in Western Iran. Agroforest Syst 94, 1977–1988 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-020-00518-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-020-00518-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation