Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Early development of Costaria costata (C. Agardh) Saunders and cultivation trials

  • Published:
Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Costaria costata (C. Agardh) Saunders is one of common kelps distributed in many coastal areas worldwide; however, in China, no reports have been made on cultivation of the genus. To investigate potential cultivation of the species in the northern part of China, trials on isolation and preservation of the gametophytes were conducted using C. costata from Korea; growth and development of the gametophytes were observed. We showed that at 10±1°C, 60 μmol m−2s−1 and 12:12 h (L:D), freshly released zoospores settled down within 1 hour, and then developed into the primary cell during the following 2 days. After a vegetative growth phase lasting 6–8 days, female gametophytes became 3–4 times larger in diameter than that of the primary cell, but still remained at a unicellular stage, while male gametophytes divided into 4–10 cells with only a slight change in size. Fertilization occurred within 10 days after the zoospores were released from the sporangia, and the apical and basal tissues of the juvenile sporophyte divided and differentiated into the blade and stipe. Temperature and irradiance influenced gametophytic vegetative growth and developmental patterns. Generally, low irradiance (15 μmol m−2s−1 and 30 μmol m−2s−1) was unfavorable to the induction of fertility, but it enhanced female gametophyte division. The optimal conditions for vegetative growth were 15°C and 30 μmol m−2s−1. After transplantation of the juvenile seedlings and after eight months cultivation, the harvested mature blade reached 194 cm in length and 32.7 cm in width. Our study proves that it is feasible to implement propagation and large scale cultivation of C. costata in northern China.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Angst L. 1927. Gametophytes of Costaria costata. Publ. Puget. Sd. Biol. Sta., 5: 293–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharya D, Druehl L D. 1987. Molecular genetic analysis of variation in Costaria costata (Turner) Saunders. Hydrobiologia, 151: 63–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharya D, Druehl L D. 1989. Morphological and DNA sequence variation in the kelp Costaria costata (Phaeophyta). Marine Biology, 102: 15–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carter S K, Vanblaricom M G R, Aleen B L. 2007. Testing the generality of the trophic cascade paradigm for sea otters: a case study with kelp forests in northern Washington, USA. Hydrobiologia, 579: 233–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Catriona L H, Craig L S. 1997. Flow visualization around single and multiple-bladed seaweeds with various morphologies. J. Phycol., 33: 360–367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman A R O. 1973. Phenetic variability of stipe morphology in relation to season, exposure and depth in the nondigitate complex of Laminaria lamourmax. (Phaeophyta, Laminariales) in Nova Scotia. Phycologia, 12: 53–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Debashish B, David L B, Louis D D. 1990. Population analysis of the kelp Costaria costata (Phaeophyta) using a polymorphic ribosomal DNA probe. Pl. Syst. Evol., 170: 177–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Debashish B, Shawn K S, Mitchell S. 1991. Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of Actin Genie Regions from Achlya bisexualis (Oomycota) and Costaria costata (Chromophyta). J. Mol. Evol., 33: 525–536.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dieck I T. 1993. Temperature tolerance and survival in darkness of kelp gametophytes (Laminariales, Phaeophyta): ecological and biogeographical implications. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 100: 253–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Druehl L D. 1970. The pattern of Laminariales distribution in the northeast Pacific. Phycologia, 9: 237–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Druehl L D, Kemp L. 1982. Morphological and growth responses of geographically isolated Maerocystis integrifolia populations when grown in a common environment. Can. J. Bot., 60: 1 409–1 413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Druehl L D, Collins J D, Lane C E, Saunders G W. 2005. An evaluation of methods used to assess intergeneric hybridization in kelp using Pacific Laminariales (Phaeophyceae). Journal of Phycology, 41: 250–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Espinoza J, Chapman A R O. 1983. Ecotypic differentiation of Laminaria longicruris in relation to seawater nitrate concentration. Mar. Biol., 74: 213–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hsiao S I C, Druehl L D. 1973. Environmental control of gametogenesis in Laminaria saccharina. II. Correlation of nitrate and phosphate concentrations with gametogenesis and selected metabolites. Can. J. Bot., 51: 829–839.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Innes D J. 1984. Genetic differentiation among populations of marine algae. Helgoland Marine Research, 38: 401–417.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang N E, Zuo Y M, Fang T C. 1980. Growth effect of boron on Laminaria japonica female gametophytes. J. Shangdong Coll. Oceanol., 10: 70–73. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kain J M. 1964. Aspects of the biology of Laminaria hyperborea. III. Survival and growth of gametophytes. J. Mar. Biol. Ass., 44: 415–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Alstyne K L, McCarthy III J J, Hustead C L, Kearns L J. 1999. Phlorotannin allocation among tissues of northeastern pacific kelps and rockweeds. J. Phycol., 35: 483–492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kemp L, Cole K. 1961. Chromosomal alternation of generations in Nereocystis luetkeana (Mertens) Postels and Ruprecht. Can. J. Bot., 39: 1 711–1 724.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koh C H, Shin H C. 1990. Growth and size distribution of some large brown algae in Ohori, east coast of Korea. Hydrobiologia, 204: 225–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lane C E, Mayes C, Druehl L D, Saunders G W. 2006. A multi-gene molecular investigation of the kelp (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) supports substantial taxonomic re-organization. Journal of Phycology, 42: 493–512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee J A, Brinkhuis B H. 1988. Effect of temperature and light on gametogenesis of Laminaria saccharina at its southern limit of distribution in the Western Atlantic Ocean. J. Phycol., 24: 181–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lüning K, Neushul M. 1978. Light and temperature demands for growth and reproduction of Laminaria gametophyte in southern and central California. Mar. Biol., 45: 297–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lüning K. 1980. Critical levels of light and temperature regulating the gametogenesis of the three Laminaria species (Phaeophyceae). J. Phycol., 16: 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maxell B A, Miller K A. 1996. Demographic studies of the annual kelps Nereocystis luetkeana and Costaria costata (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) in Puget Sound, Washington. Botanica Marina, 39: 479–489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagahisa E, N Kanno, Sato M, Sato Y. 1992. Occurrence of free D-aspartic acid in marine macroalgae. Biochem. Int., 28: 11–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakahara H, Yamada L. 1974. Crossing experiments between four local forms of Agarum cribrosum Bory (Phaeophyta) from Hokkaido, northern Japan. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., 10: 49–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norton T A, Mathieson A C, Neushul M. 1982. A review of some aspects of form and function in seaweeds. Bot. Mar., 25: 501–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Selivanova O N, Zhigadlova G G, Hansen G I. 2007. Revision of the systematics of algae in the order Laminariales (Phaeophyta) from the Far-Eastern Seas of Russia on the basis of molecular-phylogenetic data. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 33: 278–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaffer J A, Parks D S. 1994. Seasonal variations in and observations of landslide impacts on the algal composition of a Puget Sound nearshore kelp forest. Bot. Mar., 37: 315–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shinji K, Toshiki N, Naoto K, Daisuke F, Masahiro N. 2006. Recent fluctuations in distribution and biomass of cold and warm temperature species of Laminarialean algae at Cape Ohma, northern Honshu, Japan. Journal of Applied Phycology, 18: 521–527.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sundene O. 1962. The implications of transplant and culture experiments on the growth and distribution of Alaria esculenta. Nytt. Mag. Bot., 9: 155–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teresa T. 1983. Complexity of early and middle successional stages in a rocky intertidal surfgrass community. Oecologia (Berlin), 60: 56–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Widdowson T B. 1971. A statistical analysis of variation in the brown alga Alaria. Syesis, 4: 125–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vadas R L. 1972. Ecological implications of culture studies on Nereocystis luetkeana. J. Phycol., 8: 196–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yarish C. 1900. Growth and reproductive responses of Laminaria longicruris (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) to nutrient enrichment. Hydrobiologia, 204: 505–511.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China

    Gang Fu  (付刚) & Gaoge Wang  (王高歌)

  2. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Gang Fu  (付刚), Jidong Liu  (刘吉东), Jianting Yao  (姚建亭), Xiuliang Wang  (王秀良) & Delin Duan  (段德麟)

Authors
  1. Gang Fu  (付刚)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jidong Liu  (刘吉东)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Gaoge Wang  (王高歌)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jianting Yao  (姚建亭)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xiuliang Wang  (王秀良)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Delin Duan  (段德麟)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Delin Duan  (段德麟).

Additional information

Supported by the Shandong Agriculture Seedstocks Project, the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KSCX2-YW-N-247-02)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Fu, G., Liu, J., Wang, G. et al. Early development of Costaria costata (C. Agardh) Saunders and cultivation trials. Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 28, 731–737 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-010-9051-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-010-9051-0

Keyword

Search

Navigation