Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of the Venice Lagoon

Abstract

Three sediment cores were collected in the Venice Lagoon: two from mud flats (E, F) and one from the San Giuliano Canal (I1), which borders the industrial district. Samples were analysed for the 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) listed as priority pollutants by the U.S. EPA. Sediment chronologies were established using both ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb activity-depth profiles, and confirmed by independent information. The highest levels of PAHs, up to 16,474 μg kg⁻¹, characterise the sediment from the industrial canal. In lagoon sediments maximums were 618–1,531 μg kg⁻¹, while surficial values were 315 and 810 μg kg⁻¹. Dated concentration-depth profiles suggest that highest inputs occurred in the first half of last century and were followed by significant decreases. The industrial activities played a major role in the PAH contamination of lagoon sediments, as suggested by the high concentration gradients in the study area. The main source, based on the information provided by the relative abundance of congeners, is represented by high temperature combustion processes. Petrogenic sources may have influenced some samples, whereas the effects of selective transport and diagenesis are difficult to assess. The sediment of the industrial canal has the potential to occasionally cause adverse effects in sensitive species.