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Characterizing flow zones in a fractured and karstified limestone aquifer through integrated interpretation of geophysical and hydraulic data

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Abstract

A detailed and integrated geologic–hydraulic–geophysical–geochemical study of groundwater flow in the near-vicinity of a borehole drilled into fractured and karstified limestone demonstrates the power of such an integrated approach in localising and characterising preferential groundwater flow pathways and ambient borehole flow. The study, conducted in the vicinity of a 100-m-deep research borehole on the island of Mallorca, achieves such characterisation on a scale from millimetres to tens of metres in scale. More specifically, it adds single packer and open-hole pumping test interpretations to the results obtained during fluid logging, impeller flowmeter testing, borehole imaging, core descriptions and an innovative fracture analysis. This approach allows the delineation of the main flowing features and showed that such features are directly or indirectly linked to karst phenomena. Understanding this complex flow system is critical for an appropriate assessment of groundwater resources and the design of sustainable groundwater production schemes.

Résumé

La conduite d’une étude détaillée et exhaustive comprenant des volets géologiques, hydrauliques, géophysiques et géochimiques et portant sur les écoulements souterrains à proximité d’un forage dans un calcaire fracturé et karstifié démontre les potentialités d’une telle approche, dans les buts de localiser et caractériser les directions préférentielles des écoulements souterrains et les flux dans l’ouvrage au repos. La présente étude, menée à proximité d’un forage expérimental de 100 m sur l’île de Majorque, accomplit cette caractérisation à des échelles millimétriques à décamétriques. Les interprétations de pompages d’essai en trou ouvert et avec obturateur simple complètent en effet les résultats issus des diagraphies de production, des diagraphies de flux, de l’imagerie de paroi, des études de carottes et d’une analyse novatrice des fractures. Cette approche permet de dégager les caractéristiques des venues d’eau majeures et a montré que ces dernières sont directement ou indirectement liées aux phénomènes karstiques. La compréhension de ce système d’écoulement complexe est primordiale pour estimer adéquatement les ressources en eaux souterraines, et pour élaborer des plans durables d’exploitation de ces eaux souterraines.

Resumen

Un estudio geológico-hidráulico-geofìsico-geoquímico de agua subterránea detallado e integrado del flujo de agua subterránea a los alrededores de un pozo perforado en caliza kárstica y fracturada muestra el poder de tal enfoque integrado para la localización y caracterización de rutas preferenciales de flujo de agua subterránea y flujo ambiental del pozo. El estudio, llevado a cabo en la proximidad de un pozo de investigación de 100 metros de profundidad en la isla de Mallorca, logra esta caracterización en una escala de milímetros a decenas de metros. Más específicamente el estudio añade interpretaciones de datos de preubas de packer sencillo y de bombeo de pozo abierto obtenidos durante mapeo fluido, medidas de flujo métrico con impeller, imágenes del pozo, descripciones del núcleos de barrenación y un análisis de fracturas innovador. Este enfoque permite la delineación de los rasgos principales del flujo y mostró que tales rasgos están directamente o indirectamente relacionados a fenómenos de karst. Entender el sistema de flujo complejo es crítico para una evaluación apropiada de los recursos de agua subterránea y para el diseño de esquemas de producción de agua subterránea sostenibles.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the European Commission for funding the ALIANCE project (contract EKV1-2001-00039) of which this study forms part. They would also like to thank their colleagues of the CNRS and the University of Montpellier for their collaboration and their geophysical data, the borehole televiewer and acoustic televiewer, Philippe Gouze and Patrick Pinettes. The authors express their gratitude to C. González Casasnova and A. Barón Períz of the Balearic Water Authority for their co-operation and their financial support. We also acknowledge the constructive remarks and corrections of two anonymous reviewers.

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Correspondence to Nathalie Van Meir.

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Van Meir, N., Jaeggi, D., Herfort, M. et al. Characterizing flow zones in a fractured and karstified limestone aquifer through integrated interpretation of geophysical and hydraulic data. Hydrogeol J 15, 225–240 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-006-0086-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-006-0086-4

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