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Hydrogeological analysis of the upper Dupi Tila Aquifer, towards the implementation of a managed aquifer-recharge project in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Analyse hydrogéologique de l’Aquifère Dupi Tila Supérieur, en vue de la mise en œuvre d’un projet de recharge contrôlée de l’aquifère dans la ville de Dhaka, Bangladesh

Análisis hidrogeológico del acuífero Dupi Tila superior, hacia la implementación de un proyecto de manejo de recarga del acuífero en la ciudad de Dhaka, Bangladesh

Análise hidrogeológica do Aquífero superior Dupi Tila, com vista à implementação de um projeto de gestão de recarga artificial na Cidade de Dhaka, Bangladesh

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Abstract

A preliminary feasibility assessment of managed aquifer-recharge (MAR) techniques was undertaken for Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Considering the top impermeable-layer (TIL) thickness and the land-use classification, four primary MAR techniques have been suggested: (1) soil-aquifer treatment (SAT) for TIL thickness 0–8 m, (2) cascade-type recharge trenches/pits for TIL thickness 9–30 m, (3) aquifer storage, transfer and recovery (ASR/ASTR) for TIL thickness 31–52 m, and (4) use of natural wetlands to recharge water collected from open spaces. The study suggests that recharge trenches and pits will be the most appropriate MAR techniques, which can be implemented in most parts of the recharge area (ca. 277 km2). In case of a recharge trench, the lower parts (15–20 m) that are in direct contact with the aquifer can be backfilled with biosand filters with a reactive layer containing metallic iron (Fe0) to offer pre-treatment of the infiltrated water. In addition to the suggested four techniques, the regional groundwater flow direction, from the northwest and northeast towards Dhaka City, may allow use of the aquifer as a natural treatment and transport medium for groundwater, if spreading basins are installed in the greater Dhaka area.

Résumé

Une étude préliminaire de faisabilité des techniques de recharge contrôlée de l’aquifère a été entreprise pour la ville de Dhaka, Bangladesh. En prenant en compte l’épaisseur du toit imperméable et le type d’utilisation du terrain, quatre techniques de base sont suggérées: (1) le traitement par massif filtrant pour une épaisseur de 0–8 m, (2) la recharge type cascade par tranchées/puits infiltrants pour une épaisseur de 9–30 m, (3) le stockage en aquifère, transfert et recharge pour une épaisseur de 31–52 m, (4) l’utilisation de zones humides pour recharger l’eau collectée dans les espaces ouverts. L’étude suggère que les tranchées et puits sont les techniques de recharge contrôlée d’aquifère les plus appropriées, pouvant être mises en œuvre sur la plus grande partie de l’aire de recharge (environ 277 km2). Dans le cas de la tranchée de recharge, les parties inférieures (15–20 m), qui sont en contact direct avec l’aquifère, peuvent être remplies de filtres sableux biologiques avec un niveau réactif contenant du fer métallique (Fe0) offrant un prétraitement de l’eau infiltrée. En plus des quatre techniques suggérées, la direction de l’écoulement gravitaire régional, du Nord-Ouest et du Nord-Est vers la Ville de Dhaka, peut permettre l’utilisation de l’aquifère comme moyen de traitement naturel et de transport de l’eau de nappe, si les bassins d’alimentation sont installés dans la zone du grand Dhaka.

Resumen

Se llevó a cabo una evaluación preliminar de la factibilidad de manejo de técnicas de recarga (MAR) de un acuífero en la ciudad de Dhaka, Bangladesh. Considerando el espesor de la capa superior impermeable (TIL) y la clasificación del uso del suelo se sugieren cuatro técnicas primarias MAR: (1) tratamiento del suelo de acuífero (SAT) para un espesor del TIL entre 0–8 m, (2) recarga tipo cascada en trincheras / pozos para espesores de TIL de 9–30 m, (3) almacenamiento en acuífero, transferencia y recuperación (ASR/ASTR) para espesores de TIL de 31–52 m, y (4) uso de los humedales naturales para recargar agua recogida en espacios abiertos. El estudio sugiere que las trincheras y pozos de recarga son las técnicas más apropiadas, que pueden ser implementadas en la mayor parte del área de recarga (cerca de 277 km2). En el caso de las trincheras de recarga, las partes más bajas (15–20 m) que están en contacto directo con el acuífero pueden ser rellenadas con filtros de bioarena con un capa reactiva conteniendo hierro metálico (Fe0) para ofrecer un pretratamiento del agua infiltrada. Además, a las cuatro técnicas sugeridas, la dirección de flujo regional del agua subterránea, de noroeste y noreste hacia la ciudad de Dhaka, puede permitir el uso del acuífero como un medio natural de tratamiento y transporte para el agua subterránea, si se promueve la existencia las cuencas de difusión en el área metropolitana de Dhaka.

Resumo

Fez-se uma avaliação preliminar da viabilidade das técnicas de gestão de recarga artificial (MAR, managed aquifer recharge) para a Cidade de Dhaka, Bangladesh. Considerando a espessura da camada superior impermeável (TIL, top impermeable layer) e a classificação do uso do solo, sugeriram-se quatro técnicas primárias de MAR: (1) tratamento solo-aquífero (SAT, soil-aquifer treatment) para espessuras da TIL de 0–8 m, (2) valas/poços de recarga tipo cascata para espessuras da TIL de 9–30 m, (3) armazenamento do aquífero, transferência e recuperação (ASR/ASTR) para espessuras da TIL de 31–52 m, e (4) utilização de zonas húmidas naturais para recarregar água recolhida em espaços abertos. O estudo sugere que as valas e poços de recarga serão as técnicas de MAR mais apropriadas, que podem ser implementadas na maioria das regiões da área de recarga (ca. de 277 km2). No caso de uma vala de recarga, as partes mais baixas (15–20 m) que estão em contacto direto com o aquífero podem ser repreenchidas com filtros de bioareia com uma camada reativa contendo ferro metálico (Feº) para efetuar um pré-tratamento da água infiltrada. Em complemento às quatro técnicas sugeridas, a direção regional de escoamento subterrâneo, de noroeste e de nordeste em direção à Cidade de Dhaka, pode permitir o uso do aquífero como um meio natural de tratamento e de transporte para as águas subterrâneas, se se instalarem bacias de espalhamento na área em redor de Dhaka.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of DWASA and IWM. Sincere thanks to DWASA, IWM, BWDB, and Dhaka University to allow use of their data for this study. The authors especially acknowledge the contributions of M. Shiraj Uddin and Md. Kamrul Hasan from DWASA, and S.M. Mahbubur Rahman and M. Mizanur Rahman from IWM, Bangladesh, for their scientific collaboration. We would like to extend our sincere gratitude to Dr. Chicgoua Noubactep for his valuable suggestions regarding biosand filters. Finally, we would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive reviews and comments, which helped improve the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Applied Geology, Geoscience Center, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany

    Mohammad Azizur Rahman, Bettina A. Wiegand & Thomas Ptak

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    A. B. M. Badruzzaman

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Rahman, M.A., Wiegand, B.A., Badruzzaman, A.B.M. et al. Hydrogeological analysis of the upper Dupi Tila Aquifer, towards the implementation of a managed aquifer-recharge project in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Hydrogeol J 21, 1071–1089 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-013-0978-z

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