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Invasive gorse (Ulex europaeus, Fabaceae) changes plant community structure in subtropical forest–grassland mosaics of southern Brazil

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Abstract

Gorse (Ulex europaeus L., Fabaceae) is an invasive species of worldwide concern. However, knowledge of its effects on ecosystem and community structure is still missing from most areas of its invasive range, including species-rich ecosystems such as the forest–grassland mosaics of southern Brazil. We studied the influence of landscape mosaic structure and land use on gorse distribution. At the community scale, we examined the effects of proximate gorse canopies on plant community abundance, diversity, and composition. Vulnerability to gorse invasions was highest in heavily grazed grasslands, where gorse canopy cover often reached 50 %. Gorse did not invade natural forests. However, gorse invaded tree plantations. Gorse cover in relatively undisturbed areas, such as ungrazed natural grasslands, was found to be variable, although the physiognomy and structure of mosaic ecosystems was still affected. Gorse canopies exerted significant effects on community structure and composition. Assemblages in the understory of gorse canopies were comparatively species-poor and more homogeneous than beside gorse canopies. Woody species were more abundant in the understory of gorse canopies than in areas beside gorse canopies, whereas the cover of grasses decreased under gorse canopies. We argue that invasions can differentially affect the components of natural forest–grassland mosaics, which could have long-term consequences. Selecting competitive species for restoring native assemblages can provide successful outcomes in managing risks associated to invasive species like gorse.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Laboratório de Estudos em Vegetação Campestre for the help they provided during the fieldwork. We also appreciate the support from the Fundação Grupo Boticário Proteção à Natureza and the James S. McDonnell Foundation and NSERC (funding to M.A.). F. P. T. received a PhD scholarship by CAPES (Brazil). Finally, the authors wish to thank the valuable feedback provided by the Associate Editor and the two anonymous reviewers.

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  1. School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50, Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada

    Rodrigo León Cordero & Madhur Anand

  2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil

    Fábio P. Torchelsen & Gerhard E. Overbeck

  3. Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil

    Gerhard E. Overbeck

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León Cordero, R., Torchelsen, F.P., Overbeck, G.E. et al. Invasive gorse (Ulex europaeus, Fabaceae) changes plant community structure in subtropical forest–grassland mosaics of southern Brazil. Biol Invasions 18, 1629–1643 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1106-5

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