Abstract
We generated a mutant of the red fluorescent protein drFP583. The mutant (E5) changes its fluorescence from green to red over time. The rate of color conversion is independent of protein concentration and therefore can be used to trace time-dependent expression. We used in vivo labeling with E5 to measure expression from the heat shock-dependent promoter in Caenorhabditis elegans and from the Otx-2 promoter in developing Xenopus embryos. Thus, E5 is a "fluorescent timer" that can be used to monitor both activation and down-regulation of target promoters on the whole-organism scale.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Brain / embryology
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Brain / metabolism
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Caenorhabditis elegans / embryology
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Caenorhabditis elegans / genetics
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Cell Line
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Color
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Fluorescence
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Gene Expression Profiling / methods*
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Gene Expression Regulation*
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Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
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Heat-Shock Proteins / genetics
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Homeodomain Proteins*
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Humans
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Luminescent Proteins / chemistry*
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Luminescent Proteins / genetics*
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Luminescent Proteins / metabolism
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Mutation
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Nerve Tissue Proteins / genetics
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Otx Transcription Factors
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Promoter Regions, Genetic*
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Red Fluorescent Protein
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Temperature
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Time Factors
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Trans-Activators / genetics
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Xenopus laevis / embryology
Substances
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Heat-Shock Proteins
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Homeodomain Proteins
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Luminescent Proteins
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Nerve Tissue Proteins
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Otx Transcription Factors
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Trans-Activators