Within the domain of industrial control systems, safeguarding data integrity stands as a pivotal endeavor, especially in light of the burgeoning menace posed by malicious tampering and potential data loss. Traditional data storage paradigms, tethered to physical hard disks, are fraught with inherent susceptibilities, underscoring the pressing need for the deployment of resilient preservation frameworks. This study delves into the transformative potential offered by distributed ledger technology (DLT), with a specific focus on IOTA, within the expansive landscape of the Internet of Things (IoT). Through a meticulous examination of the intricacies inherent to data transmission protocols, we present a novel paradigm aimed at fortifying data security. Our approach advocates for the strategic placement of IOTA nodes on lower-level devices, thereby streamlining the transmission pathway and curtailing vulnerabilities. This concerted effort ensures the seamless preservation of data confidentiality and integrity from inception to storage, bolstering trust in the convergence of IoT and DLT technologies. By embracing proactive measures, organizations can navigate the labyrinthine terrain of data management, effectively mitigate risks, and cultivate an environment conducive to innovation and progress. Full article

Musicological and traffic psychology research shows that emotions can be changed by certain tone combinations or sound characteristics and that emotions, in turn, influence our driving behavior. Nevertheless, there are no studies on how a dynamic active sound design could influence driving behavior via changing the emotional state of drivers in certain driving situations. Based on a previous study, emotionalizing sounds, characterized by their capacity to evoke specific emotional responses in individuals, were created and used to investigate their effect on the perception of safety distances in an online study. To test this, participants made statements on the safety distance shown in videos of cars following scenarios combined with emotionalizing sounds. The results show a significant difference in the estimated safety distance for videos combined with sounds invoking positive emotions like light-heartedness vs. sounds invoking negative emotions like feeling threatened. The odds of the safety distance being evaluated as too small compared with appropriate were two to three times higher for some threatening sounds vs. the positive sounds. The results further suggest that threatening sounds influenced participants’ wishes to increase the depicted safety distances. The results show that emotionalizing sounds had effects on the participants, though not all were statistically significant. Full article

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common types of cancer and is associated with relatively low survival rates. Despite its considerable burden, there is limited guidance for Canadian clinicians on the management of unresectable metastatic GC and gastroesophageal junction cancer (GEJC). Therefore, we aimed to discuss best practices and provide expert recommendations for patient management within the current Canadian unresectable GC and GEJC landscape. A multidisciplinary group of Canadian healthcare practitioners was assembled to develop expert recommendations via a working group. The often-rapid progression of unresectable GC and GEJC and the associated malnutrition have a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life and ability to tolerate treatment. Hence, recommendations include early diagnosis, identification of relevant biomarkers to improve personalized treatment, and relevant support to manage comorbidities. A multidisciplinary approach including early access to registered dietitians, personal support networks, and palliative care services, is needed to optimize possible outcomes for patients. Where possible, patients with unresectable GC and GEJC would benefit from access to clinical trials and innovative treatments. Full article

Studies have shown that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is triggered by bactericidal antibiotics, which contributes significantly to the killing of bacterial cells and increasing mutations in surviving cells. In this study, we hypothesized that exposure of Salmonella to sublethal concentrations of hypochlorite (NaOCl), a commonly used sanitizer in household and food industries increases mutation rates, leading to the development of antibiotic resistance. We found that a sublethal concentration (20 ppm) of NaOCl increased the mutation rates of S. typhimurium 14028s significantly (p < 0.05), which was prevented by the ROS scavenger thiourea, supporting that the increased mutation was due to NaOCl-triggered ROS production. We further found that the exposure of S. typhimurium 14028s to the same sublethal concentration of NaOCl increases resistance to kanamycin among the 3 antibiotics evaluated. The results of this study suggest that when NaOCl applied as a sanitizer fails to kill Salmonella due to diluted local concentrations or presence of organic materials, it can cause an adverse outcome of developing antibiotic resistance of the pathogen. Full article

The construction industry is a major energy consumer and carbon emitter, and identifying the key drivers for its green transition has attracted increasing attention. Although government subsidies are one of the most effective and direct ways to induce a green transition, few academics have examined their effects at a micro level. Therefore, this study used the Chinese construction industry as an example to study the influence of subsidies on its green transition. Given the ambiguity of the green transition concept, this study employed the number of green patents and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) ratings to represent the narrow sense and the wide sense of green transition, respectively. According to the empirical findings, subsidies can successfully induce green technology innovation and thus facilitate a green transition. The results of heterogeneity analysis show that government subsidies have a significant incentive-based effect solely on state-owned firms, but an insufficient effect on private and other enterprises. Furthermore, while government subsidies have little effect on ESG ratings, they can promote green transition of enterprises by increasing ESG ratings. The government should increase the types of subsidy packages available to enterprises, while attaching more importance to social responsibility. Full article

In non-Markovian tandem queueing networks the output process of one site, which is the input process to the next site, is not renewal. Consequently, the correlation analysis of that output processes is essential when studying such networks. A correlation analysis in the M/G/1 queue has been studied in the literature via derivation of the joint Laplace-Stieltjes transform (LST) of the sum of two consecutive inter-departure times. That LST is obtained by considering all possible cases at departure epochs. However, those epochs are expressed via dependent variables. In this paper, we first extend the analysis to the more general PH/G/1 queue, and investigate various queues, such as E₂/G/1 and C₂/C₂/1. Then, we consider the lag-n correlation, which requires derivation of the joint LST of sum of n + 1 consecutive inter-departure times. Yet, deriving this LST by the common approach becomes impractical for n + 1 ≥ 3, as the number of all possible cases at departure epochs increases significantly. To overcome this obstacle, we derive a corresponding single-parameter LST, which expresses the sum of n + 1 consecutive inter-departure times via the (n + 1)-st departure epoch only. Consequently, the latter LST is expressed via a much fewer number of possible cases, and not less important, as a function of independent variables only, eliminating the need to derive the corresponding joint density. Considering the M/G/1 and the E₂/G/1 queues, we demonstrate that the joint LST can be reconstructed directly via the corresponding single-parameter LST when n + 1 = 2. We further conjecture that the multi-parameter joint LST can be reconstructed from the corresponding single-parameter LST in more general queues and for values of n + 1 > 2. The conjecture is validated for various PH/G/1 queues and proved for n + 1 = 3 in the M/G/1 case. The new approach facilitates the calculation of lag-n correlation of the departure process from PH/G/1 queue for n + 1 ≥ 3. Our analysis illuminates the cases when using renewal approximation of the output process provides a proper approximation when studying non-Markovian stochastic networks. Full article

Background: KEYNOTE-522 resulted in FDA approval of the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with early-stage, high-risk, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Unfortunately, pembrolizumab is associated with several immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We aimed to identify potential tumor microenvironment (TME) biomarkers which could predict patients who may attain pathological complete response (pCR) with chemotherapy alone and be spared the use of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Methods: Comprehensive immune profiling, including RNA-seq gene expression assessment of 395 immune genes, was performed on matched FFPE tumor samples from 22 stage I-III TNBC patients (14 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone (NAC) and 8 treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with pembrolizumab (NAC+I)). Results: Differential gene expression analysis revealed that in the NAC group, IL12B and IL13 were both significantly associated with pCR. In the NAC+I group, LCK and TP63 were significantly associated with pCR. Patients in both treatment groups exhibiting pCR tended to have greater tumor inflammation than non-pCR patients. In the NAC+I group, patients with pCR tended to have greater cell proliferation and higher PD-L1 expression, while in the NAC group, patients with pCR tended to have lower cancer testis antigen expression. Additionally, the NAC+I group trended toward a lower relative dose intensity averaged across all chemotherapy drugs, suggesting that more dose reductions or treatment delays occurred in the NAC+I group than the NAC group. Conclusions: A comprehensive understanding of immunologic factors could potentially predict pCR to chemotherapy alone, enabling the avoidance of the unnecessary treatment of these patients with checkpoint inhibitors. Full article

Background: The arterial input function (AIF) is vital for myocardial blood flow quantification in cardiac MRI to indicate the input time–concentration curve of a contrast agent. Inaccurate AIFs can significantly affect perfusion quantification. Purpose: When only saturated and biased AIFs are measured, this work investigates multiple ways of leveraging tissue curve information, including using AIF + tissue curves as inputs and optimizing the loss function for deep neural network training. Methods: Simulated data were generated using a 12-parameter AIF mathematical model for the AIF. Tissue curves were created from true AIFs combined with compartment-model parameters from a random distribution. Using Bloch simulations, a dictionary was constructed for a saturation-recovery 3D radial stack-of-stars sequence, accounting for deviations such as flip angle, T2* effects, and residual longitudinal magnetization after the saturation. A preliminary simulation study established the optimal tissue curve number using a bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) network with just AIF loss. Further optimization of the loss function involves comparing just AIF loss, AIF with compartment-model-based parameter loss, and AIF with compartment-model tissue loss. The optimized network was examined with both simulation and hybrid data, which included in vivo 3D stack-of-star datasets for testing. The AIF peak value accuracy and $k^{trans}$ results were assessed. Results: Increasing the number of tissue curves can be beneficial when added tissue curves can provide extra information. Using just the AIF loss outperforms the other two proposed losses, including adding either a compartment-model-based tissue loss or a compartment-model parameter loss to the AIF loss. With the simulated data, the Bi-LSTM network reduced the AIF peak error from −23.6 ± 24.4% of the AIF using the dictionary method to 0.2 ± 7.2% (AIF input only) and 0.3 ± 2.5% (AIF + ten tissue curve inputs) of the network AIF. The corresponding $k^{trans}$ error was reduced from −13.5 ± 8.8% to −0.6 ± 6.6% and 0.3 ± 2.1%. With the hybrid data (simulated data for training; in vivo data for testing), the AIF peak error was 15.0 ± 5.3% and the corresponding $k^{trans}$ error was 20.7 ± 11.6% for the AIF using the dictionary method. The hybrid data revealed that using the AIF + tissue inputs reduced errors, with peak error (1.3 ± 11.1%) and $k^{trans}$ error (−2.4 ± 6.7%). Conclusions: Integrating tissue curves with AIF curves into network inputs improves the precision of AI-driven AIF corrections. This result was seen both with simulated data and with applying the network trained only on simulated data to a limited in vivo test dataset. Full article

This work investigates the ionospheric response to the March 2023 geomagnetic storm over American and Asian sectors from total electron content (TEC), rate of TEC index, ionospheric heights, Swarm plasma density, radio occultation profiles of Formosat-7/Cosmic-2 (F7/C2), Fabry-Perot interferometer driven neutral winds, and E region electric field. During the storm’s main phase, post-sunset equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) extend to higher latitudes in the western American longitudes, showing significant longitudinal differences in the American sector. Over the Indian longitudes, suppression of post-sunset irregularities is observed, attributed to the westward prompt penetration electric field (PPEF). At the early recovery phase, the presence of post-midnight/near-sunrise EPBs till post-sunrise hours in the American sector is associated with the disturbance of dynamo-electric fields (DDEF). Additionally, a strong consistency between F7/C2 derived amplitude scintillation (S4) ≥ 0.5 and EPB occurrences is observed. Furthermore, a strong eastward electric field induced an increase in daytime TEC beyond the equatorial ionization anomaly crest in the American region, which occurred during the storm’s main phase. Both the Asian and American sectors exhibit negative ionospheric storms and inhibition of ionospheric irregularities at the recovery phase, which is dominated by the disturbance dynamo effect due to equatorward neutral winds. A slight increase in TEC in the Asian sector during the recovery phase could be explained by the combined effect of DDEF and thermospheric composition change. Overall, storm-time ionospheric variations are controlled by the combined effects of PPEF and DDEF. This study may further contribute to understanding the ionospheric responses under the influence of storm-phase and LT-dependent electric fields. Full article

One of the most influential and controversial schools of 20th century Thomism—especially in North America—is the “River Forest School” or “River Forest Thomism”. And one of the most influential and controversial theses associated with that school is the thesis that metaphysics cannot be established as a distinct and autonomous science unless one has already proven the existence of a positively immaterial being. The purpose of this paper is to show that River Forest Thomism cannot and should not be reduced to that controversial thesis. As such, rejection of the thesis cannot and should not constitute a rejection of the school. Indeed, as soon as we understand what River Forest Thomism was really about, it will become clear that all Thomists should be River Forest Thomists. Full article

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum, affects several organs, including the skin. Dogs are considered the major domestic reservoir animals for leishmaniasis, and through their highly parasitized skin, they can serve as a source of infection for sandfly vectors. Therefore, studies of the skin parasite–host relationship can contribute to the understanding of the infectious dissemination processes of parasites in the dermis and help to identify targets for diagnosis and treatment. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of anatomical vascular differences and Leishmania-induced vascular morphological changes with clinical signs and parasite load by analyzing the ear and abdominal skin from dogs naturally infected with L. infantum. Paired samples of ear and abdominal skin from L. infantum-positive dogs (n = 26) were submitted for histological and immunohistochemistry analyses. The ear skin samples showed a more intense and more diffusely distributed granulomatous inflammatory reaction, a higher number and larger diameter of blood vessels, increased parasite load, higher expression of VEGF+ (vascular endothelial growth factor) and MAC 387+ (calprotectin) recently infiltrating cells, and more intense collagen disruption compared to the abdominal skin samples. Intracellular amastigotes were observed in blood vessels and inside endothelial cells and were diffusely distributed throughout the dermis in the ear skin samples. The NOS2/MAC387+ cell ratio was lower in the ear skin samples than in those of the abdomen, suggesting that in the ear dermis, the inflammatory infiltrate was less capable of producing NO and thereby control the parasite load. Together, these findings indicate how parasites and immune cells are distributed in the skin and suggest an important role for dermal vascularization in cellular influx and thereby in parasite dissemination through the skin of naturally infected dogs. Full article

Although the rapid expansion of urban rail transit offers convenience to citizens, the issue of subway vibration cannot be overlooked. This study investigates the spatial distribution characteristics of vibration in the Fayuan Temple historic and cultural reserve. It involves using a V001 magnetoelectric acceleration sensor capable of monitoring low amplitudes with a sensitivity of 0.298 V/(m/s²), a measuring range of up to 20 m/s², and a frequency range span from 0.5 to 100 Hz for in situ testing, analyzing the law of vibration propagation in this area, evaluating the impact on buildings, and determining the vibration reduction scheme. The reserve is divided into three zones based on the vertical vibration level measured during the in situ test as follows: severely excessive, generally excessive, and non-excessive vibration. Furthermore, the research develops a dynamic coupling model of vehicle–track–tunnel–stratum–structure to verify the damping effect of the wire spring floating plate track and periodic pile row. It compares the characteristics of three vibration reduction schemes, namely, internal vibration reduction reconstruction, periodic pile row, and anti-vibration reinforcement or reconstruction of buildings, proposing a comprehensive solution. Considering the construction conditions, difficulty, cost, and other factors, a periodic pile row is recommended as the primary treatment measure. If necessary, anti-vibration reinforcement or reconstruction of buildings can serve as supplemental measures. Full article

The surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) induces the aggregation of gold nanoclusters (GNCs), leading to the development of a proposed fluorometric technique for detecting thiocyanate (SCN⁻) ions based on an anti-aggregation mechanism. This approach is straightforward to execute, highly sensitive, and selective. A significant quenching effect occurs in fluorescence upon using the aggregation agent CTAB in GNCs synthesis, resulting in a transition from intense red fluorescence to dim red. The decrease in fluorescence intensity of GNCs in the presence of CTAB is caused by the mechanism of fluorescence quenching mediated by aggregation. As the levels of SCN⁻ rise, the fluorescence of CTAB-GNCs increases; this may be detected using spectrofluorometry or by visually inspecting under UV irradiation. The recovery of red fluorescence of CTAB-GNCs in the presence of SCN⁻ enables the precise and discerning identification of SCN⁻ within the concentration range of 2.86–140 nM. The minimum detectable concentration of the SCN⁻ ions was 1 nM. The selectivity of CTAB-GNCs towards SCN⁻ ions was investigated compared to other ions, and it was demonstrated that CTAB-GNCs exhibit exceptional selectivity. Furthermore, we believe that CTAB-GNCs have novel possibilities as favorable sensor candidates for various industrial applications. Our detection technique was validated by analyzing SCN⁻ ions in milk samples, which yielded promising results. Full article

Globally, cancer is one of the primary causes of both morbidity and mortality. To prevent cancer from getting worse, more targeted and efficient treatment plans must be developed immediately. Recent research has demonstrated the benefits of natural products for several illnesses, and these products have played a significant role in the development of novel treatments whose bioactive components serve as both chemotherapeutic and chemo-preventive agents. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring molecules obtained from plants that have potential applications in both cancer therapy and the development of new medications. These phytochemicals function by regulating the molecular pathways connected to the onset and progression of cancer. Among the specific methods are immune system control, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, preventing proliferation, raising antioxidant status, and inactivating carcinogens. A thorough literature review was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Google Patent, Patent Scope, and US Patent to obtain the data. To provide an overview of the anticancer effects of several medicinal plants, including Annona muricata, Arctium lappa, Arum palaestinum, Cannabis sativa, Catharanthus roseus, Curcuma longa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hibiscus, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, Moringa oleifera, Nerium oleander, Silybum marianum, Taraxacum officinale, Urtica dioica, Withania somnifera L., their availability, classification, active components, pharmacological activities, signaling mechanisms, and potential side effects against the most common cancer types were explored. Full article

Enrofloxacin is a broad-spectrum synthetic antimicrobial drug widely used in veterinary medicine. The present study aimed to determine the effective enrofloxacin dose for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis infection in Oreochromis niloticus. P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis isolates were verified using selective differential media and biochemically using the Vitek 2 test. Bacterial isolates were virulent for O. niloticus with LD₅₀ equal to 2.03 × 10⁶ and 2.22 × 10⁷ CFU fish⁻¹ for P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis, respectively. Infected fish suffered from decreased feed intake followed by off-food, tail erosion, darkening of the external body surface, exophthalmia, ascites, and loss of escape reflex. Internally, congested hemorrhagic hepatopancreas with engorged distended gall bladder were dominant. The posterior kidney was congested with enlarged spleen, and empty elementary tract. Pathologically, severe degenerative changes were dominant in the hepatopancreas, posterior kidney, spleen, stomach, and gills of infected fish. Antimicrobial sensitivity test indicated the high susceptibility of P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis to enrofloxacin with MIC estimated at 1 and 0.0625 µg/mL, respectively. Enrofloxacin effectively protected O. niloticus against E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa infection when used with medicated feed at doses of 10 and 20 mg kg⁻¹ body weight. Full article

A major challenge for the Air Traffic Management system is the need to boost airspace capacity, which is near saturation in some situations. Separation minima are one of the factors related to airspace capacity, and the SESAR program promotes research into advanced separation modes. Ad Hoc separation, a novel separation mode, involves applying different pairwise separation minima in the same volume of airspace depending on a set of factors, such as encounter geometry, aircraft models, and flight level, among others. This research examines the impact of implementing this concept in different en-route scenarios. The goal is to determine whether applying this concept proves advantageous or, conversely, results in an increase in the complexity of the system without significant benefits in the key performance areas of capacity, environment, and cost-efficiency. Fast Time Simulations are conducted in RAMS software, with the concept being implemented in the LECMZMU, LECMTLU, and LECMDGU sectors of the Madrid ACC. The results reveal favorable capacity outcomes with increases of around 2% and the LECMZMU sector exhibits the most significant environmental and cost-efficiency benefits. Furthermore, implementing the Ad Hoc concept in a larger scenario could yield even greater environmental and cost-efficiency benefits. Full article

Background: Exercise and the consumption of sugars result in a dysfunction of the intestinal barrier (IB). Here, we determined the effect of sugar in a natural matrix on the intestinal barrier after moderate (A) and intensive endurance exercise (B). Method: The IB function was determined before (pre) and after running (post), and 120 and 180 min after consuming the drink by measuring serum endotoxin concentrations (lipopolysaccharides—LPS), IL-6, CD14, and i-FABP. In study A, nonspecifically trained participants (n = 24, males and females, age 26 ± 4) ran for one hour at 80% of their individual anaerobic threshold (IAT). After finishing, the runners consumed, in a crossover setup, either 500 mL of water, diluted cloudy apple juice (test drink), or an identical drink (placebo) without the fruit juice matrix (FJM). In study B, the participants (n = 30, males and females, age 50 ± 9) completed an ultra-marathon run, were divided into groups, and consumed one of the above-mentioned drinks. Results: Study A: Exercise resulted in a significant increase in serum LPS, i-FABP, and IL-6, which decreased fast after finishing. No impact of the different drinks on LPS i-FABP, or IL-6 could be observed, but there was an impact on CD14. Study B: The ultra-marathon resulted in a strong increase in serum LPS, which decreased fast after finishing in the water and test drink groups, but not in the placebo group. Conclusions: The consumed drinks did not affect the kinetics of IB regeneration after moderate exercise, but impacted CD14 serum concentrations, indicating possible beneficial effects of the FJM on the immune system. After an ultra-marathon, IB function regenerates very fast. The intake of sugar (placebo) seems to have had a negative impact on IB regeneration, which was diminished by the presence of the FJM. Full article

Although data acquisition is a very usual technique, several aspects are not always considered, such as the synchronization of the acquired measures and the evaluation of the resulting errors. This paper aims to highlight this fact by the mathematical determination of the necessary correction and the implementation of software meant to evaluate the performances of acquisition systems. As an example, a three-phased acquisition system was developed in order to monitor the currents and voltages on the three phases. Also, other measures were performed, such as of power and phase. The components on each phase did not have to be fully identified because a whole system calibration could be performed in the first stage. The calibration consisted in finding the weighting coefficients for each measured quantity. The implemented solution for three-phased measure acquisition started from the hypothesis of a sampling frequency that respected the Shannon theorem. The distance between two samples was small enough to consider a linear evolution between two moments for the same measure. Errors that affected the above-mentioned measures, due to the fact that the samples were examined in different moments, were analyzed and brought to the minimum value. Finding a solution to reduce the sampling errors is closely related to reducing the costs. Full article

The 2023 Bible Society New Zealand’s translation of sample biblical passages into the Māori language, He Tīmatanga, caused controversy by incorporating names of Māori gods. Those who objected typically assumed inconsistency with the Bible’s purported monotheism. But ‘monotheism’, in the sense that only one god exists, is not present in the Bible. Moreover, missionary adherence to monotheism in the mid-nineteenth century widely assumed a ‘degeneration model’ that also promoted European religious, moral, and cultural superiority. This article adopts a hermeneutical strategy to counter monotheistic misreadings of the Bible, and their racist effects, by reading Māori stories of the ancient divine hero Tāwhaki alongside the ancient divine heroes who feature in Gen 6:1–4’s account of the Nephilim. First, the comparison provides resources for the translation of Gen 6:1–4 into the Māori language and worldview. Second, the Tāwhaki narratives stimulate a reappraisal of longstanding problems in the interpretation of Gen 6:1–4, especially the meaning of the phrase “the sons of the gods”. Supported by analysis also of the Sumerian King List, this article argues that all three major interpretations of “the sons of the gods” are fundamentally consistent: they are gods, elite human rulers, and also Sethites. Full article

The deployment of a green power alternative within an isolated network, powered by renewable energy sources, in the “Three North” region of China can facilitate the substitution of high-energy-consuming industrial loads with green power. However, an inadequate power supply configuration may lead to economic and reliability issues. To address this problem, effective capacity allocation within the green power alternative isolated network is proposed. The capacity allocation process starts with the design of a network structure that aligns with local conditions. Subsequently, a capacity allocation model is developed, considering economic factors, renewable energy utilization efficiency, and system reliability. The gray wolf optimizer is enhanced to establish a capacity allocation method for the green power alternative isolated network. This method is then employed to simulate and assess the performance of the network. The results indicate that the green alternative isolated grid can successfully facilitate green power substitution, satisfying the energy requirements of the loads. Full article

In the dynamic landscape of cyberspace, organizations face a myriad of coordinated advanced threats that challenge the traditional defense paradigm. Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) plays a crucial role, providing in-depth insights into adversary groups and enhancing the detection and neutralization of complex cyber attacks. However, attributing attacks poses significant challenges due to over-reliance on malware samples or network detection data alone, which falls short of comprehensively profiling attackers. This paper proposes an IPv4-based threat attribution model, IPAttributor, that improves attack characterization by merging a real-world network behavior dataset comprising 39,707 intrusion entries with commercial threat intelligence from three distinct sources, offering a more nuanced context. A total of 30 features were utilized from the enriched dataset for each IP to create a feature matrix to assess the similarities and linkage of associated IPs, and a dynamic weighted threat segmentation algorithm was employed to discern attacker communities. The experiments affirm the efficacy of our method in pinpointing attackers sharing a common origin, achieving the highest accuracy of 88.89%. Our study advances the relatively underexplored line of work of cyber attacker attribution, with a specific interest in IP-based attribution strategies, thereby enhancing the overall understanding of the attacker’s group regarding their capabilities and intentions. Full article

Drug-induced myopathies are a common cause of muscle pain, and the range of drugs that can cause muscle side effects is constantly expanding. In this article, the authors comprehensively discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic process in patients with myalgia, and present the spectrum of drug-induced myopathies. The review provides a detailed analysis of the literature on the incidence of myopathy during treatment with hypolipemic drugs, beta-blockers, amiodarone, colchicine, glucocorticosteroids, antimalarials, cyclosporine, zidovudine, and checkpoint inhibitors, a group of drugs increasingly used in the treatment of malignancies. The article considers the clinical course of the different types of myopathies, their pathogenesis, histopathological features, and treatment methods of these disorders. The aim of this paper is to gather from the latest available literature up-to-date information on the course, pathophysiology, and therapeutic options of drug-induced myopathies, to systematize the knowledge of drug-induced myopathies and to draw the attention of internists to the fact that these clinical issues are an important therapeutic problem. Full article