Abstract
The dry valleys of southern Victoria Land, constituting the largest ice-free expanse in the Antarctic, contain numerous lakes whose perennial ice cover is the cause of some unique physical and biological properties1–3. Although the depth, temperature and salinity of the liquid water varies considerably from lake to lake, the thickness of the ice cover is remarkably consistent1, ranging from 3.5 to 6m, which is determined primarily by the balance between conduction of energy out of the ice and the release of latent heat at the ice–water interface and is also affected by the transmission and absorption of sunlight. In the steady state, the release of latent heat at the ice bottom is controlled by ablation from the ice surface. Here we present a simple energy-balance model, using the measured ablation rate of 30 cm yr−1, which can explain the observed ice thickness.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Parker, B. C. et al. J. Plankton Res. 4, 271–286 (1982).
Wilson, A. T. & Wellman, H. W. Nature 196, 1171–1173 (1962).
Heywood, R. B. Antarctic Freshwater Ecosystems: Review and Synthesis (3rd SCAR symposium, Gulf, Houston, 1977).
Shaw, J. B. Arctic 18, 123–132 (1965).
Baker, D. J. Jr., Radok, U. & Weller, G. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 18, 525–543 (1980).
Barnes, D. F. Air force surveys in geophysics No. 129 (US Air Force, Cambridge, 1960).
Wilson, A. T. Tuatara 15, 152–164 (1967).
Ragotzkie, R. A. & Likens, G. E. Limnol. Oceanogr. 9, 412–425 (1964).
Henderson, R. A. et al. J. Glaciol. 6, 129–133 (1965).
Lyon, G. L. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 22, 281–284 (1979).
Campbell, G. S. An Introduction to Environment Biophysics (Springer, New York, 1977).
Wallace, D. & Sagan, C. Icarus 39, 385–400 (1979).
Thompson, D. C., Bromley, A. M. & Craig, R. M. F. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 14, 477–483 (1971).
Thompson, D. C. & MacDonald, W. J. P. Bull. N.Z. Dep. Sci. Ind. Res. 140, 37–56 (1961).
Goldman, C. R., Mason, D. T. & Hobbie, J. E. Limnol. Oceanogr. 12, 295–310 (1967).
Squyres, S. W. & Veverka, J. Icarus 50, 115–122 (1982).
Wharton, R. A. Jr., Parker, B. C. & Simmons, G. M. Jr., Phycologia 22, 355–365 (1983).
Wetzel, R. G. Limnology (Saunders, New York, 1983).
Decker, E. R. & Bucher, G. J. Antarctic J. U.S. 12, 102–104 (1977).
Shirtcliffe, T. G. L. J. geophys. Res. 69, 5257–5286 (1964).
Bell, R. A. I. N. Z. Jl Geol. Geophys. 10, 540–546 (1967).
Bull, C. Antarctic Res. Ser. 9, 177–194 (1966).
Parker, B. C. & Wharton, R. A. Jr. Arch. Hydrobiol. (in the press).
Calkin, P. E. & Bull, C. J. Glaciol. 6, 833–836 (1967).
Lucchitta, B. K. & Ferguson, H. M. J. geophys. Res. Suppl. 88, A553–A568 (1983).
Carr, M. H. Icarus 56, 476–495 (1983).
Kieffer, H. H. et al. J. geophys. Res. 82, 4249–4291 (1977).
Carr, M. H. J. geophys. Res. 84, 2995–3007 (1979).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
McKay, C., Clow, G., Wharton, R. et al. Thickness of ice on perennially frozen lakes. Nature 313, 561–562 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1038/313561a0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/313561a0
This article is cited by
-
Survival strategies of an anoxic microbial ecosystem in Lake Untersee, a potential analog for Enceladus
Scientific Reports (2022)
-
Sources of solutes and carbon cycling in perennially ice-covered Lake Untersee, Antarctica
Scientific Reports (2020)
-
Geologic Constraints on Early Mars Climate
Space Science Reviews (2019)
-
Icy Mars lakes warmed by methane
Nature Geoscience (2017)
-
Isotopic Evolution of Saline Lakes in the Low-Latitude and Polar Regions
Aquatic Geochemistry (2009)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.