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Zhou Enlai and China's Revolution: A Selective View*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 February 2009

Steven M. Goldstein
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Type
Review Article
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The China Quarterly , Volume 96 , December 1983 , pp. 720 - 730
Copyright
Copyright © The China Quarterly 1983

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References

1. See Klein, Donald and Clark, Anne, Biographic Dictionary of Chinese Communism, 1921–1965, Vol. 1 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971), pp. 204–212Google Scholar.

2. The Selected Works of Zhou Enlai, Vol I (Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1981), pp. 93–95, 99–106, 107–110, 151–59, 269–72, 273–74, 293–99, and 404–409Google Scholar.

3. Compare Selected Works of Zhou Enlai, pp. 20–25 with Hua-lun, Kuo, Zhonggong shilun (History of Chinese Communism), Vol. II (Taipei: Institute of International Relations, 1969), pp. 72–78Google Scholar.

4. Compare Selected Works of Zhou Enlai, pp. 67–71 with “Zhengzhi ju kuodahui jilu” in Tso-liang, Hsiao, Power Relations Within the Chinese Communist Movement, Vol. II (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1970), p. 244Google Scholar.

5. Zhanghai, Ding et al. “Comrade Chou En-lai's early revolutionary activities,” Lishi yanjiu, No. 1 (20 02 1977)Google Scholar, in Selections From People's Republic of China Magazines, July 1977, pp. 1–21 cites numerous articles from Zhou's student days. A citation to an article written while Zhou was in Europe can be found in Zhongquan, Shi and Zenghe, Yang, “Zhou Enlai on Mao Zedong Thought,” Beijing Review, No. 2 (2 03 1981), p. 9Google Scholar. The point is that articles from these periods are available in China.

See also Hsu, Kai-yu, Chou En-lai: China's Gray Eminence (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday and Co., 1968)Google Scholar, Chaps. 2 and 3.

6. For example, in the year from the summer of 1940 to the summer of 1941, Zhou wrote four articles which I consider to be important commentaries on foreign affairs: “Zhongguo kangzhan di shiji he muqian renwu” (“The critical juncture of China's resistance war and the present tasks”), Balujun junzheng zazhi, Vol. II, No. 5 (25 05 1940)Google Scholar, “Guoji xingshi yu zhongguo kangzhan” (“The international situation and China's resistance war“), Xinhua ribao, 30 September 1940, “Lun muqian zhanju” (“On the current war situation“), Jiefang ribao, 14 June 1941 and “Minzu zhishang yu guojia zhishang“ (“The nation first, the state first”), Xinhua ribao, 15 June 1941.

7. Wensheng, Teng and Chunfeng, Jian, “Realistically sum up historical experiences – reading Zhou Enlai's ‘A study of the Party's Sixth National Congress,’” Red Flag, No. 2 (16 01 1981), Joint Publications Research Service 77697 (30 March 1981), pp. 22–30Google Scholar.

8. The citation to these texts can be found in “Our esteemed and beloved comrade Zhou Enlai in Kwangtung, 1924–26,” Zhongshan daxue xuebao. No. 1 (01 1977)Google Scholarin Selections from People's Republic of China Magazines, June 1977. The originals of the article can be found in Zhou Enlai zhuanji (Zhou Enlai, Special Edition) (Hong Kong: Zhongguo wenti yanjiu zhongxin, 1971), pp. 397–409Google Scholar.

9. “Shaoshan baogao – sanzhong quanhui cailiao dijiu hao” in Hsiao, , Power Relations, Vol. II, pp. 139–54Google Scholar.

10. See the discussion and articles cited in Tso-liang, Hsiao, Power Relations Within the Chinese Communist Movement, 1930–1934, Vol. I (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1961)Google Scholar, Chaps. 18–24.

11. See Blum, Robert M., “The Peiping cable: a drama of 1949,” New York Times Magazine, 13 08 1978, pp. 8–10, 53, 56, 57Google Scholar, and Zagoria, Donald, “Containment and China,” in Gati, Charles (ed.), Caging the Bear: Containment and the Cold War (Indianapolis: Bobbs Merrill, 1974)Google Scholar.

12. “To honour the memory of Premier Zhou, act as Premier Zhou would have us act,” Beijing Review, No. 10 (9 03 1979), p. 8Google Scholar.

13. For example, Weile zhonghua zhi jueqi (An Uprising for China) (Tianjin: Renmin chubanshe, 1980)Google Scholar, Geming shichao (Revolutionary Poetry) (Beijing: Zhongguo qingnian chubanshe, 1979)Google Scholarand Tiananmen shichao (Tiananmen Poetry) (Beijing: Renmin wenxue she, 1978)Google Scholar.

In addition, the Foreign Broadcast Information Service monitoring for the first quarter of 1979 abound with articles in praise of Zhou.

14. FBIS, 22 March 1979, p. L19.

15. For example ibid. 27 April 1979, pp. L4–13.

16. Let me give one Kremlinological example. The December 1979 index of Hongqi had a section entitled “Commemorating Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and other proletarian revolutionaries of the old generation” (JPRS 75176, 21 February 1980, p. 136). In June of 1980, there were two sections in the index “Works by comrades Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Liu Shaoqi” and “In memory of Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and other revolutionaries of the older generation” (JPRS 76296, 26 August 1980, p. 74).

17. Shi and Yang, “Zhou Enlai on Mao Zedong Thought,” and Zhongquan, Shi and Zenghe, Yang, “A crystallization of the experience in winning the revolution – studying Volume 1 of the Selected Works of Zhou Enlai,” Red Flag, No. 3 (1 02 1981)Google Scholarin JPRS 77587 (13 March 1981), pp. 8–20. Fpor another critical view of the Comintern, see FBIS, 29 January 1981, p. L14.

18. For example, compare a January 1981 discussion of the Gutian Congress of 1929 which stresses its collective nature with Huang Kecheng's aggressive assertion of Mao's role which was published three months later. FBIS, 23 January 1981, L8 and ibid. 13 April 1981, K9. In general, Huang's speech is a clear example of the leadership's concern over the consequences of attacking Mao. In addition, it presages much of the tone of the Sixth Plenum resolutions.

19. Tongshun, Zhu, “A guide to uniting with the intellectuals – studying the explanation on the question of intellectuals in Volume 1 of the Selected Works of Zhou Enlai,” Red Flag, No. 6 (17 03 1981), JPRS 77984 (4 May 1981), pp. 55–61Google Scholar.

20. Dixin, Xu, “Studying Zhou Enlai's ‘On the economic conditions of the new democratic period,’” Red Flag, No. 5 (1 03 1981), JPRS 77918 (24 April 1981), pp. 27–34Google Scholar.

21. Zhang Guohao, “Persist in educating the masses with revolutionary ideas,” ibid. No. 4 (16 February 1981), JPRS 77881 (21 April 1981), pp. 26–32; Chen Yeping, “Grasp the ideological weapon and strengthen Party building – study comrade Zhou Enlai's ideas on Party building,” ibid. No. 3 (1 February 1981), JPRS 77863 (17 April 1981), pp. 27–38; Zhang Jing, “ Outstanding abilities and scientific methods of thinking – comments after reading Selected Works of Zhou Enlai, Volume 1,” ibid. No. 10 (16 May 1981), JPRS 78543 (17 July 1981), pp. 60–69, FBIS, 23 February 1981, pp. L23–24 and ibid. 4 March 1981, pp. L20–28.

22. This was re-emphasized most recently by the publication of Zhou's letters to Mme Sun Yat-sen and Moruo, Guo, see FBIS, 2 03 1983Google Scholarand 3 March 1983.

23. See, for example, Weile Zhonghua zhi jueqi.

24. See Klein, Donald, “The management of foreign affairs in Communist China,” in Lindbeck, John (ed.), China: Management of a Revolutionary Society (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1971), pp. 305–311 and 339–41Google Scholar.

25. White, Theodore, In Search of History (New York: Harper and Row, 1978), p. 120Google Scholar. The two essays I have in mind can be found in Selected Works of Zhou Enlai, pp. 258–61 and 352–64.