Summary
Devices for maintaining constant ionic conditions in experimental solutions while simultaneously monitoring uptake and extrusion activities of specimens in the medium are a research tool of increasing importance. The ionostat technique allows the quantitative determination of net ion fluxes with fair time resolution, even in very long time scale ion absorption experiments. With the availability of personal computers it had become possible to develop an “intelligent” system for automatic back-titration. Several similar systems for controlling ionic activities of an incubation solution and also concentration of other molecules via microcomputers have been designed during the last 15 years.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen CR, Allen S (1987) The titrimetric assay of H+ excreted byRicinus communis cultivated on NH4 +-N nutrient media: the effect of ionic strength and nutrient phosphate concentration. J Exp Bot 38: 597–606
Allen S, Allen CR (1987) The titrimetric assay of OH− and HCO3 − excreted byRicinus cultivated on NO3 −-containing nutrient media: the influence of ionic strength, end point pH and CO2 supersaturation. J Exp Bot 38: 618–630
Asher CJ, Ozanne PG, Lonergan JF (1965) A method for controlling the ionic environment of plant roots. Soil Sci 100: 149–156
Bashan Y, Levanony H (1989) Effect of root environment on proton efflux in wheat roots. Plant Soil 119: 191–197
Behl R, Raschke K (1987) Close coupling between extrusion of H+ and uptake of K+ by barley roots. Planta 172: 531–538
Ben Yaakov S, Ben-Asher J (1982) System design and analysis of a continuous monitoring of the environement in nutrient solution culture. J Plant Nutr 5: 45–54
Benton J (1982) Hydroponics: its history and use in plant nutrition studies. J Plant Nutr 5: 1003–1030
Bhat KKS (1980) A low-cost, easy-to-install flow culture system suitable for use in a constant environment cabinet. J Exp Bot 31: 1435–1440
Bienfait HF, van der Bliek AM, Bino RJ (1982) Different regulations on ferric reduction and acidification of the medium by roots of Fe-stressed plants in a “rhizostat”. J Plant Nutr 5: 447–450
— (1985) Regulated, redox processes at the plasmalemma of plant root cells and their function in iron uptake. J Bioenerg Biomembr 17: 73–83
Blom-Zandstra M, Jupijn GL (1987) A computer-controlled multititration system to study transpiration, OH− efflux and nitrate uptake by intact lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) under different environmental conditions. Plant Cell Environ 10: 545–550
Bloom AJ (1989) Continuous and steady-state nutrient absorption by intact plants. In: Torrey JG, Winship LJ (eds) Application of continuous and steady-state methods to root biology. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 147–163
—, Chapin FS (1981) Differences in steady-state net ammonium and nitrate influx by cold- and warm-adapted barley varieties. Plant Physiol 68: 1064–1067
Böttger M, Hilgendorf F (1988) Hormone action on transmembrane electron and H+ transport. Plant Physiol 86: 1038–1043
—, Lüthen H (1986) Possible linkage between NADH oxidation and proton secretion inZea mays L. roots. J Exp Bot 37: 666–675
—, Bigdon M, Soll H-J (1982) Regulation of and by pH. In: Marmé D, Marré E, Hertel R (eds) Plasmalemma and tonoplast: their functions in the plant cell. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 103–110
— — — (1985a) Proton translocation in corn coleoptiles: ATPase or redox chain? Planta 163: 376–380
—, Soll H-J, Bigdon M (1985b) Influence of inhibitors of alternative respiration pathway and oxygen on growth and proton secretion. Biol Plant 27: 125–130
Caldwell CD, Le Fevre PE, Aikman DP (1978) An open-circuit apparatus for continuous determination of net ion uptake by seedlings grown hydroponically. Can J Bot 56: 2767–2772
Chalmers JDC, Coleman JOD, Walton NJ (1984) Use of an electrochemical technique to study plasmamembrane redox reactions in cultured cells ofDaucus carota L. Plant Cell Rep 3: 243–246
Claassen N, Barber SA (1974) A method for characterizing the relation between nutrient concentration and flux into roots of intact plants. Plant Physiol 54: 564–568
Clement CR, Hopper MJ, Canaway RJ, Jones LHP (1974) A system for measuring the uptake of ions by plants from flowing solutions of controlled composition. J Exp Bot 25: 81–99
— —, Jones LHP (1978a) The uptake of nitrate byLolium perenne from flowing nutrient solution. I. Effect of NO3 − concentration. J Exp Bot 29: 453–464
— — — (1978b) The uptake of nitrate byLolium perenne from flowing nutrient solution. II. Effect of light, defoliation, and relationship to CO2 flux. J Exp Bot 29: 1173–1183
Deane-Drumond CE (1982) Mechanism for nitrate uptake into barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Fergus) seedlings grown at controlled nitrate concentrations in the nutrient medium. Plant Sci Lett 24: 79–89
— (1983a) Short term studies of nitrate uptake into barley plants using ion-specific electrodes and36ClO3 −. I. Control of net uptake by NO3 − efflux. Plant Physiol 73: 100–104
— —, (1983b) Short term studies of nitrate uptake into barley plants using ion-specific electrodes and36C1O3 }. II. Regulation of NO3 − efflux by NH4 +. Plant Physiol 73: 105–110
Döring O, Lüthje S, Hilgendorf F, Böttger M (1990) Membrane depolarization by hexacyanoferrate (III), hexabromoiridate (IV) and hexachloroiridate (IV). J Exp Bot 41: 1055–1061
Glass ADM, Siddiqi MY, Deane-Drummond CE (1983) A multichannel microcomputer-based system for continuously measuring and recording ion activities of uptake solutions during ion absorption by roots of intact plants. Plant Cell Environ 6: 247–253
—, Saccomani M, Crookall G, Siddiqi MY (1987) A microcomputer-controlled system for the automatic measurement and maintenance of ion activities in nutrient solutions during their absorption by intact plants in hydroponic facilities. Plant Cell Environ 10: 375–381
Gorr G, Obst G, Döring O, Böttger M (1995) Light-dependent proton excretion of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) roots. Bot Acta 108: 351–357
Goyal SS, Huffaker RC (1986) A novel approach and a fully automated microcomputer-based system to study kinetics of NO3 −, NO2 −, and NH4 + transport simultaneously by intact wheat seedlings. Plant Cell Environ 9: 209–215
Grignon C, Sentenac H (1991) pH and ionic conditions in the apoplast. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 42: 103–128
Guern J, Felle H, Mathier Y, Kurkdjian A (1991) Regulation of intracellular pH in plant cells. Int Rev Cytol 127: 111–173
Hatch DJ, Canaway RJ (1984) Control of pH in a system of flowing solution culture using a microcomputer. J Exp Bot 35: 1860–1868
Hegarty TW (1973) Seedling growth in controlled-nutrient conditions. J Exp Bot 24: 130–137
Hilgendorf F, Böttger M (1993) Influence of temperature on proton secretion and hexacyanoferrate (III) reduction ofZea mays L. roots. Plant Physiol 101: 1349–1353
Ivankina NG, Novak VA (1980) H+-transport across the plasmalemma. H+-ATPase or redox chain? In: Spanswick RM, Lucas WJ, Dainty J (eds) Plant membrane transport: current conceptual issues. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 503–504
Jaenicke H, Lips SH, Ullrich WR (1995) Growth, ion distribution, potassium and nitrate uptake ofLeucaena leucophila (Lam.) de Wit and effects of NaCl. In: Abstracts to the Fourth International Symposium on Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation, July 23–28, Seeheim/Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany, abstract no 60
Lüthen H, Böttger M (1988) Hexachloroiridate IV as an electron acceptor for a plasmalemma redox system in maize roots. Plant Physiol 86: 1044–1047
Lüthje S, Böttger M (1989) Hexabromoiridate IV as an electron acceptor: comparison with hexachloroiridate IV and hexacyanoferrate III. Biochim Biophys Acta 997: 335–340
Mistik I, Ullrich CI (1995) Mechanism of anion uptake in plant roots: evaluation of H+/NO3 − and H+/H2PO4 − stoichiometries with respect to strong ion concentration difference. In: Abstracts to the Fourth International Symposium on Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation, July 23–28, Seeheim/Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany, abstract no 86
Novak VA, Osmolovskaya NG, Miklashevich AI (1995a) Use of phytomonitoring system for study of stress responses in plants. In: Abstracts to the Fourth International Symposium on Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation, July 23–28, Seeheim/Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany, abstract no 89
— — — (1995b) Phytomonitoring of ammonium effect on nitrate transport. In: Abstracts to the Fourth International Symposium on Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation, July 23–28, Seeheim/Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany, abstract no 90
Obst G, Lüthje S, Döring O, Böttger M (1994) Is proton secretion an appropriate parameter for the assessment of chilling resistance of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings? In: Dörffling K, Brettschneider B, Tantau H, Pthan K (eds) Crop adaptation to cool climates, COST 814. European Commission Publication, Brussels, pp 475–482
Petersen W, Böttger M (1991) Contribution of organic acids to the acidification of the rhizosphere of maize seedlings. Plant Soil 132: 159–163
Pitman MG (1970) Active H+ efflux from cells of low-salt barley roots during salt accumulation. Plant Physiol 45: 787–790
Raschke K, Humble GD (1973) No uptake of anions required by opening stomata ofVicia faba: guard cells release hydrogen ions. Planta 115: 47–57
Reisenauer HM (1969) A technique for growing plants at controlled levels of all nutrients. Soil Sci 108: 350–353
Rubinstein B, Stern AI, Chalmers JDC (1992) Relationship between electron transport across the plasmalemma and a pH decrease in the bulk medium. Plant Physiol 98: 988–994
Rufty TW, Siddiqi MY, Glass ADM, Ruth TJ (1991) Altered13NO3 − influx in phosphorous limited plants. Plant Sci 76: 43–48
Sah RN, Goyal SS, Rains DW (1989) Effects of light on NO3 − transport byAzolla pinnata. J Exp Bot 40: 543–549
Schorn W (1985) Digitalisierung analoger, konventioneller Regelalgorithmen. Elektroniker 2: 27–36
Serrano R (1989) Structure and function of plasma membrane ATPase. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 40: 61–94
Simon W, Spichinger UE (1991) Development and application of ion-selective electrodes. Int Lab 21/9: 35–44
Siddiqi MY, Glass ADM (1987) Regulation of K+ influx in barley: evidence for a direct control of influx by K+ concentration of root cells. J Exp Bot 38: 935–947
Vogt H, Holtum J, Bücker J, Latzko E (1986) Daily pattern of proton extrusion by roots ofZea mays L. cv. Limac. J Plant Physiol 128: 405–415
Xu Y (1993) New insights in relationship of transplasma membrane redox activity to proton transport of corn roots. Master Thesis, Beijing University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Döring, O., Busch, M., Lüthje, S. et al. Ionostats. Protoplasma 194, 1–10 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01273162
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01273162