Preferential digestion of chloroplast DNA in male gametangia during the late stage of gametogenesis in the anisogamous algaBryopsis maxima

Summary

The fate of chloroplast nuclei (cp-nuclei) and mitochondrial nuclei (mt-nuclei) was followed during gametogenesis in male and female coenocytic thalli in the anisogamous algaBryopsis maxima by epifluorescence microscopy, after staining with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), by quantification of chloroplast DNA (cp-DNA) by fluorimetry using a video-intensified, photon-counting system (VIMPICS), and by CsCl density gradient centrifugation. The male and female coenocytic thalli, 48 h before the release of gametes, contain a large number of chloroplasts, each of which is larger in size than the cell nucleus and the mitochondria and contains about 150 cp-nuclei. The size of each chloroplast in the female and male gametangia decreases markedly during gametogenesis as a result of continuous divisions till about 10 h before the release of gametes and, eventually, the numbers of cp-nuclei per chloroplast in the male and female gametangia fall to about 20 and 5, respectively. Two hours later, as the preferential digestion of cp-DNA in the male gametangium occurs, the number of cp-nuclei in the chloroplast of each male gamete falls to zero while the number of cp-nuclei in female gamete does not change, even after release of female gametes. Several mt-nuclei are observed in all of the female gametes. By contrast, the mt-nuclei in the bulk of the male gametes disappear but those in a few gametes remain. The profiles after CsCl density gradient centrifugation of DNAs extracted from male and female plants and gametes support the cytological data. The results suggest that the preferential digestion of cp-DNA in male plants occurs about 8 h before the release of gametes and that there is differential digestion of cp-DNA and mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA).