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Fluctuations in the deficiency of the summer monsoon over India, and their effect on economy

Schwankungen im Defizit des Sommermonsuns über Indien und ihre ökonomische Auswirkung

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Summary

To assess the deficiency in the activity of the monsoon over India during the season, an index for the country based on the percentage area with a specified percentage seasonal rainfall deficiency and termed the Monsoon Deficiency Index (MDI), has been utilized. The statistical properties of the MDI series for the period 1871–1978 have been examined. The series which can be taken to be homogeneous and random has a high variability. MDI is generally not observed to persist at a high level; a high value is invariably followed by a low value. The deficiency over the country is considered as largescale and is termed as monsoon failure when the MDI value equals or exceeds the nineth decile viz. 40, of the mixed gamma distribution fitted to the MDI series. Using this criterion, the years of monsoon failure have been identified. The monsoon failures are found to occur randomly. The effect of monsoon deficiency on the Indian economy has been assessed.

Zusammenfassung

Zur Schätzung des Ausfalls in der Aktivität des Sommermonsuns über Indien während einer Saison wurde ein für das Land auf dem Flächenprozentsatz mit angegebenem Prozentsatz des jahreszeitlichen Niederschlagsausfalls basierender Index verwendet, der als Monsun-Defizit-Index (MDI) bezeichnet wird. Die statistischen Verhältnisse der MDI-Reihen der Periode 1871–1978 wurden untersucht. Diese Reihen, die als homogen angenommen werden können, weisen eine große Veränderlichkeit auf. Im allgemeinen ist ein hoher MDI nicht andauernd; auf einen hohen Wert folgt ständig ein niedriger Wert. Das Defizit wird als großräumig bezogen auf das ganze Land betrachtet und als Monsun-Ausfall bezeichnet, wenn der MDI-Wert das neunte Dezil (nämlich 40) der den MDI-Reihen angepaßten gemischten Gamma-Verteilung erreicht oder überschreitet. Gestützt auf dieses Kriterium sind die Jahre mit Monsun-Ausfall bestimmt worden. Die Ausfälle des Monsuns wurden als Zufallserscheinungen befunden. Die Auswirkung der Monsun-Defizite auf die indische Wirtschaft wurde abgeschätzt.

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Mooley, D.A., Parthasarathy, B. Fluctuations in the deficiency of the summer monsoon over India, and their effect on economy. Arch. Met. Geoph. Biocl., Ser. B 30, 383–398 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02324678

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