Skip to main content
Log in

Development of structure-less pollen wall inCeratophyllum demersum L. (Ceratophyllaceae)

  • Original Articles
  • Published:
Journal of Plant Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Developmental process of structure-less exine is studied in a hydrophilous plant,Ceratophyllum demersum L., with electron microscopy. The plant shows a characteristic feature in tetrad formation. A callose wall is not synthesized and exine initiation does not occur during the tetrad stage. After release of microspores, a trilaminar layer with two electron-dense lines is formed in the surface of each microspore. The trilaminar layer develops to a thin structure-less exine that is considered to consist of only an endexine. The unusual exine would be an adaptive feature for submersed pollination in fresh water.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bhandari, N.N. 1984. The microsporangium.In B.M. Johri, ed., Embryology of Angiopserms. pp. 53–121, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chase, M.W., Soltis, D.E., Olmstead, R.G., Morgan, D., Les, D.H., Mishler, B.D., Duvall, M.R., Price, R.A., Hills, H.G., Qiu, Y-L., Kron, K.A., Rettig, J.H., Conti, E., Palmer, J.D., Manhart, J.R., Sytsma, K.J., Michaels, H.J., Kress, W.J., Karol, K.G., Clark, W.D., Hedrén, M., Gaut, B.S., Jansen, R.K., Kim, K-J., Wimpee, C.F., Smith, J.F., Furnler, G.R., Strauss, S.H., Xiang, Q-Y., Plunkett, G.M., Soltis, P.S., Swensen, S.M., Williams, S.E., Gadek, P.A., Quinn, C.J., Eguiarte, L.E. Golenberg, E., Learn, G.H. Jr., Graham, S. W., Barrett, S.C., Dayanandan, S. andAlbert, V.A. 1993. Phylogenetics of seed plants: an analysis of nucleotide seqeunces from the plastid gene rbcL. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.80: 528–580.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ducker, S.C., Pettitt, J.M. andKnox, R.B. 1978. Biology of Australian seagrasses: Pollen development and submarine pollination inAmphibois antarctica andThalassodendron ciliatum (Cymodoceaceae). Aust. J. Bot.26: 265–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Endress, P.K. 1984. Evolutionary aspects of the floral structure inCeratophyllum. Pl. Syst. Evol. [Suppl.]8: 175–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erdtman, G. 1972. Pollen Morphology and Plant Taxonomy. Hafner Pub. Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karnovsky, M.J. 1965. A formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolality for use in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol.27: 137A-138A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kushida, H. 1980. An improved embedding method using ERL 4206 and Quetol 653. J. Electron Microsc.29: 193–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Les D.H. 1988. The origin and affinities of the Ceratophyllaceae. Taxon37: 326–345.

    Google Scholar 

  • Les, D.H., Garvin D.K. andWimpee, C.F. 1991. Molecular evolutionary history of ancient aquatic angiosperms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA88: 10119–10123.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martinsson, K. 1993. The pollen of SwedishCallitriche (Callitichaceae)-trends towards submergence. Grana32: 198–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pettitt, J.M. 1981. Reproduction in seagrasses: pollen development inThallasia hemprichii, Halophila stipulacea andThalassodendron ciliatum. Ann. Bot.48: 609–622.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pettitt, J.M. andJermy, A.C. 1975. Pollen in hydrophilous angiopserms. Micron5: 377–405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, E.S. 1963. The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain in electron micorscopy. J. Cell Biol.137: 208–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowley, J.R. 1987–1988. Substructure within the endexine, an interpretation. J. Palynol.23–24: 29–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, M. 1989a. Development of the echinate pollen wall inFarfugium japonicum (Compositae: Senecioneae). Bot. Mag. Tokyo102: 219–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, M. 1989b. Pattern determination of the exine inCaesalpinia japonica (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae). Amer. J. Bot.76: 1615–1625.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, M. andSkvarla, J.J. 1990. Pollen development inOenothera biennis (Onagraceae). Amer. J. Bot.77: 1142–1148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, M. andSkvarla, J.J. 1991a. Exine pattern formation by plasma membrane inBougainvillea spectabilis Willd. (Nyctaginaceae). Amer. J. Bot.78: 1063–1069.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, M. andSkvarla, J.J. 1991b. Development of striate exine inIpomopsis rubura (Polemoniaceae). Amer. J. Bot.78: 1724–1731.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, K. 1981. Determination of intracellular structure by high resolution scanning electron microscopy. Scann. Electron Micro.2: 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Takahashi, M. Development of structure-less pollen wall inCeratophyllum demersum L. (Ceratophyllaceae). J. Plant Res. 108, 205–208 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02344345

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02344345

Key words

Navigation