Abstract
The calcifying activities of biological fluids can be measured,in vitro andin vivo, by their ability to reharden softened blocks of tooth enamel. The activity is expressed in terms of the calcium (and phosphate) concentrations of synthetic calcifying solutions of known concentration and activity. A typical human plasma had an activity corresponding to that of a solution of the following concentration: calcium, 0.70 mM; Ca/P, 1.67 and fluoride, 0.05 mM.
The relatively low activity of serums and plasmas was shown to arise from the presence of a number of ionic inhibitors. Pyrophosphate ion is one such inhibitor but cannot account for the major inhibition. Both anionic and cationic inhibitors were shown to be present, with the cations respresenting the major portion. The following ions at their reported physiological concentration were shown to be inhibitors in synthetic systems: P7O 4−7 , HCO −3 , SiO 2−4 , CrO 2−4 , Mg2+, Zn2+. In combination, these ions caused a total inhibition similar to those for plasmas.
Résumé
Les propriétés d'induction de calcification des liquides biologiques peuvent être mesurées, in vitro et in vivo, par leur possibilité de redurcir des blocs d'émail décalcifié. Cette propriété est exprimée par les concentrations de calcium (et de phosphate) de solutions synthétiques inductrices de calcification, de concentrations et d'activité connues. Un plasma humain typique a une activité inductrice correspondant à celle d'une solution contenant du calcium, 0,70 mM, Ca/P, 1,67 et fluorure, 0,05 mM.
L'activité relativement peu élevée des sérums et des plasmas s'explique par la présence d'inhibiteurs ioniques. L'ion phosphate est l'un d'eux, mais ne peut rendre compte de l'inhibition totale. Des anions et des cations sont responsables de l'inhibition, avec un rôle majeur pour les cations. Les ions suivants, en concentration physiologique, jouent un rôle inhibiteur: P7O 4−7 , HCO −3 , SiO 2−4 , CrO 2−4 , Mg2+, Zn2+. Un mélange de ces ions provoque une inhibition totale identique à celle du plasma.
Zusammenfassung
Der Einfluß biologischer Flüssigkeiten auf den Verkalkungsvorgang kann in vitro und in vivo anhand ihrer Fähigkeit, enthärtete Blöcke von Zahnschmelz wieder zu härten, gemessen werden. Diese Aktivität wird ausgedrückt als Konzentration des Calciums (und Phosphates) synthetischer calcifizierender Lösungen mit bekannter Konzentration und Aktivität. Die Aktivität eines charakteristischen menschlichen Plasmas entsprach derjenigen einer Lösung folgender Zusammensetzung: Calcium 0,70 mM; Ca/P=1,67 und Fluorid 0,05 mM.
Die relativ niedrige Aktivität von Serum und Plasma ist bedingt durch das Vorhandensein einer Anzahl ionischer Inhibitoren. Das Pyrophosphation ist ein solcher; er kann aber nicht für die gesamte Inhibition verantwortlich gemacht werden. Sowohl anionische als auch kationische Inhibitoren sind vorhanden, wobei die Kationen den Hauptanteil ausmachen. Folgende Ionen erwiesen sich in einer physiologischen Konzentration als Inhibitoren synthetischer Systeme: P7O 3−7 , HCO −3 , SiO 1−4 , CrO 2−4 , Mg2+, Zn2+. Zusammengenommen verursachten diese Ionen eine Gesamtinhibition ähnlich derjenigen des Plasmas.
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This work has been supported by a grant from the American Chicle Company, Division of Warner-Lambert Pharmaceutical Company.
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Feagin, F.F., Walker, A.A. & Pigman, W. Evaluation of the calcifying characteristics of biological fluids and inhibitors of calcification. Calc. Tis Res. 4, 231–244 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02279126
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02279126