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Pulsation of tectonic phenomena and tectonophysical mechanisms

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Zusammenfassung

Heute glaubt man, da\ die tektonischen Hauptphänomene aus progressiven Bewegungen einer geringen Zahl fester Platten in der Erdkruste resultieren. Wenn diese Platten sich entfernen, wird ein Expansionsgraben (von ozeanischem Typus) geöffnet; wenn die Platten sich einander nähern, wird die Kruste verkürzt und unter bestimmten Umständen ein Faltengebirge gebildet. Beide Arten von Bewegungen verursachen Erdbeben auf den Plattenrändern, und die seismische Tätigkeit soll Auskunft über die entsprechenden Bewegungen geben. Die Erdbeben weisen einen pulsierenden Charakter auf, weil anscheinend Kontraktion und Expansion mit einer Periode von 11 Jahren abwechseln. Für lange dauernde eintönige Plattenbewegungen können Thermalkonvektion oder radioaktive Undationen mögliche Ursachen sein; für die kurzperiodisch abwechselnden Phänomene jedoch ist ein Pulsieren der Gravitation vielleicht die beste Ursache. Eine pulsierende Gravitation kann eine Folgerung der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie sein, wenn man ein angemessenes Modell des Weltalls übernimmt.

Abstract

At present, it is believed that the main tectonic phenomena result from progressive displacements of a small number of rigid plates which form the crust of the Earth. If the plates separate, a rift (of oceanic type) will open; and, if they approach, compression will shorten the crust and form eventually a mountain chain. Both rifting and compression produce earthquakes at the plate borders, and the seismic activity must depict the rate of movement of the plates. There is some indication that this seismic activity occurs in pulses with a period of about 11 years, rifting probably alternating with compression. For long lasting monotonic plate movements, thermal convection and radioactive undations could be adequate causes; but, for these short-period alternating phenomena, gravitational pulsations are considered the best available mechanism. Gravitational pulsations seem to be a necessary consequence of General Relativity, when applied to a convenient cosmological model.

Résumé

On croit, à présent, que les principaux phénomènes tectoniques résultent du déplacement progressif d'un petit nombre de plaques rigides qui forment l'écorce terrestre. Si les plaques s'éloignent, un rift (du type océanique) sera formé; et, si elles se rapprochent, la compression développée va raccourcir l'écorce et former à la longue une chaÎne de montagnes. Tant l'ouverture de rifts que la compression orogénique produisent des tremblements de terre, cette activité séismique devant fournir des indications sur le mouvement des plaques. En fait, l'activité seismique montre un caractère pulsatoire avec période de 11 ans, qui semble dériver de l'alternance de contraction et d'expansion dans l'écorce. Les mouvements monotones de longue durée pourraient bien Être dus aux courants de convection thermique ou aux undations radioactives; mais, pour les phénomènes pulsatoires de courte période, les pulsations de gravitation semblent Être maintenant le mécanisme le plus convenable. Ces pulsations peuvent Être une conséquence de la théorie de la Relativité Générale, si l'on adopte un modèle approprié pour l'Univers.

Resumo

Admite-se, presentemente, que os principals fenómenos tectónicos resultam do deslocamento progressivo dum pequeno nÚmero de placas rígidas que forman a crusta terrestre. Se estas placas se afastam, forma-se urn rift (de tipo oceânico); e, se elas se aproximam, a compressÃo desenvolvida faz encurtar a crusta e pode vir a produzir uma cadeia de montanhas. Ambos os tipos de movimento produzem abalos de terra ao longo dos bordos das placas, a actividade sísmica devendo dar indicaÇÕes sobre a variaÇÃo do deslocamento daquelas placas. Esta actividade tem carácter puisante, com período de 11 anos, parecendo que na crusta a contracÇÃo alterna com expansÃo. Para deslocaÇÔes monótonas das placas, com longa duraÇÃo, as teorias da conveoÇÃo térmica ou das undaÇÔes radioactivas podem oferecer mecanismos adequados; mas, para aqueles fenómenos alternantes de curto período, as pulsaÇÕes de gravitaÇÃo parecem constituir a explicaÇÃo mais conveniente. Estas pulsaÇÔes de gravitaÇÃo podem ser uma consequÊncia da Relatividade Geral, se for adoptado um modelo cosmológico apropriado.

кРАткОЕ сОДЕРжАНИЕ

В НАстОьЩЕЕ ВРЕМь РАс пРОстРАНЕНО МНЕНИЕ, Ч тО ОсНОВНыЕ тЕктОНИЧЕскИЕ ФЕНОМЕНы ВОжНИкАУт В РЕжУльтАтЕ УсИлИВАУ ЩИхсь ДВИжЕНИИ НЕБОльшОгО ЧИслА глыБ жЕМНОИ кОР ы. кОгДА ЁтИ глыБы УДАл ьУтсь, пОьВльЕтсь гРАБЕН РАсшИРЕНИь (ОкЕАНИЧЕ скОгО тИпА); ЕслИ жЕ ОНИ сБлИжАУтсь, кОРА УкОР АЧИВАЕтсь И пРИ НЕкОтОРых УслОВ Иьх ОБРАжУУтсь склАД ЧАтыЕ гОРы. ОБА тИпА ДВИжЕНИИ НА кРАьх глы Б ВыжыВАУт жЕМлЕтРьс ЕНИь. сВЕДЕНИь ОБ ЁтИх ДВИж ЕНИьх МОжЕт ДАть НАМ сЕИсМИ кА. жЕМлЕтРьсЕНИь НОс ьт пУльсИРУУЩИИ хАРАкт ЕР пОтОМУ, ЧтО сжАтИЕ И РА сшИРЕНИЕ сМЕНьУтсь к АжДыЕ 11 лЕт. жА БОлЕЕ пРОДОлжИтЕльНыЕ РАВ НОМЕРНыЕ ДВИжЕНИь МО гУт Быть ОтВЕтстВЕННыМИ: тЕпл ОВАь кОНВЕкцИь, ИлИ жЕ РАДИ ОАктИВНыЕ пРОцЕссы. п ЕРИОДы, ДлИтЕльНОсть кОтОРых МЕНЕЕ 11 лЕт, Вы ж ВАНы, НАВЕРНО, пУльсИ Р УУЩЕИ гРАВИтАцИЕИ. ЁтУ пОслЕДНУУ МОжНО ВыВЕ стИ Иж ОБЩЕИ тЕОРИИ ОтНОсИтЕльНОстИ.

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Machado, F. Pulsation of tectonic phenomena and tectonophysical mechanisms. Geol Rundsch 64, 74–84 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01820654

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