Abstract
Three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions, by electron microscope tomography, of selectively stained, contrast enhanced Balbiani Ring (BR) hnRNP granules reveal a complex spatial arrangement of RNA-rich domains. This particulate substructure was examined by volume rendering computer graphics. Modeling the arrangement of RNA-rich domains is made difficult by apparent structural flexibility and/or heterogeneity of composition. Formulation of a consensus 3-D arrangement of RNA-rich domains will require an expanded data base of reconstructed BR granules and the development of new image manipulation and analysis techniques. This study demonstrates the potential for ultra-structural cell biology of combining several new techniques: selective nucleic acid staining, electron spectroscopic imaging to enhance contrast, electron microscope tomography and volume rendering computer graphics.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- BR:
-
Balbiani Ring
- EMT:
-
electron microscope tomography
- ESI:
-
electron spectroscopic imaging
- hnRNP:
-
heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein
- OA-B:
-
osmium ammine-B
- kb:
-
kilobases
References
Bazett-Jones DP, Locklear L, Rattner JB (1988) Electron spectroscopic imaging of DNA. J Ultrastruct Mol Struct Res 99:48–58
Beermann W, Bahr GF (1954) The submicroscopic structure of the Balbiani Ring. Exp Cell Res 6:195–201
Botella LM, Edström J-E (1991) The Balbiani Ring 6 induction in chironomus. Biol Cell 71:11–16
Daneholt B (1982) Structural and functional analysis of Balbiani Ring genes in the salivary glands of Chironomus tentans. In: King R, Akai H (eds) Insect ultrastructure, vol 1. Plenum Publishing, New York, pp 382–401
Hamming RW (1983) Digital filters. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, p 257
Ineichen H, Meyer B, Lezzi M (1983) Determination of the developmental stage of living fourth instar larvae of Chironomus tentans. Dev Biol 98:278–286
Kim S-H, Moyer BA, Azan S, Brown GM, Olins AL, Allison DP (1989) Preparation and properties of the nitrido-bridged osmium (IV) binuclear complexes [OsIV 2N(NH3)10-nCln]Cl5-n (n=2,3). Inorg Chem 28:4648–4650
Kirov N, Wurtz T, Daneholt B (1991) The complexity of 75S premessenger RNA in Balbiani ring granules studied by a new RNA band retardation assay. Nucleic Acids Res 19:3377–3382
Lönnroth A, Alexciev K, Mehlin H, Wurtz T, Sköglund U, Daneholt B (1992) Demonstration of a 7-nm RNP fiber as a basic structural element in a premessenger RNP particle. Exp Cell Res 199:292–296
Mehlin H, Lönnroth A, Sköglund U, Daneholt B (1988) Structure and transport of a specific premessenger RNP particle. Cell Biol Int Rep 12:729–736
Mehlin H, Sköglund U, Daneholt B (1991) Transport of Balbiani Ring granules through nuclear pores in Chironomus tentans. Exp Cell Res 193:72–77
Meyer B, Mahr R, Eppenberger M, Lezzi M (1983) The activity of Balbiani Rings 1 and 2 in salivary glands of Chironomus tentans larvae under different modes of development and polocarpine treatment. Dev Biol 98:265–277
Olins AL, Olins DE, Franke WW (1980) Stereo-electron microscopy of nucleoli, Balbiani Rings and endoplasmic reticulum in chironomus salivary gland cells. Eur J Cell Biol 22:714–723
Olins AL, Olins DE, Lezzi M (1982) Ultrastructural studies of chironomus salivary gland cells in different states of Balbiani Ring activity. Eur J Cell Biol 27:161–169
Olins AL, Olins DE, Levy HA, Durfee RC, Margle SM, Tinnel EP Hingerty BE, Dover SD, Fuchs H (1984) Modeling Balbiani Ring gene transcription with electron microscope tomography. Eur J Cell Biol 35:129–142
Olins AL, Olins DE, Levy HA, Durfee RC, Margle SM, Tinnel EP (1986) DNA compaction during intense transcription measured by electron microscope tomography. Eur J Cell Biol 40:105–110
Olins AL, Moyer BA, Kim S-H, Allison DP (1989a) Synthesis of a more stable osmium ammine electron-dense DNA stain. J Histochem Cytochem 37:395–398
Olins AL, Olins DE, Levy HA, Margle SM, Tinnel EP, Durfee RC (1989b) Tomography reconstruction from energy-filtered images of thick biological sections. J Microsc 154:257–265
Olins AL, Olins DE, Bazett-Jones DP (1992) Balbiani ring hnRNP substructure visualized by selective staining and electron spectroscopic imaging. J Cell Biol 117:483–491
Olins DE, Olins AL, Levy HA, Durfee RC, Margle SM, Tinnel EP, Dover SD (1983) Electron microscope tomography: transcription in three dimensions. Science 220:498–500
Rattner JB, Bazett-Jones DP (1989) Kinetochore structure: electron spectroscopic imaging of the kinetochore. J Cell Biol 108:1209–1219
Sköglund U, Daneholt B (1986) Electron microscope tomography. Trends Biochem Sci 11:499–503
Sköglund U, Anderson K, Bjorkroth B, Lamb MM, Daneholt B (1983) Visualization of the formation and transport of a specific hnRNP particle. Cell 34:847–855
Sköglund U, Anderson K, Strandberg B, Daneholt B (1986) Three-dimensional structure of a specific pre-messenger RNP established by electron microscope tomography. Nature 319:560–564
Stevens BJ, Swift H (1966) RNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm in chironomus salivary glands. J Cell Biol 31:55–77
van Heel M, Frank J (1981) Use of multivariate statistics in analysing the images of biological macromolecules. Ultramicroscopy 6:187–194
Wurtz T, Lönnroth A, Ovchinnikov L, Sköglund U, Daneholt B (1990a) Isolation and initial characterization of a specific premessenger ribonucleoprotein particle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:831–835
Wurtz T, Lönnroth A, Daneholt B (1990b) Higher order structure of Balbiani Ring premessenger RNP particles depends on certain RNAse A sensitive sites. J Mol Biol 215:93–101
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
by P.B. Moens
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Olins, A.L., Olins, D.E., Levy, H.A. et al. Electron microscope tomography of Balbiani Ring hnRNP substructure. Chromosoma 102, 137–144 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00356031
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00356031