Literature Cited
Aronson, J. F., G. T. Rudkin and J. Schultz: A comparison of giant X chromosomes in male and female Drosophila melanogaster by cytophotometry in the ultraviolet. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 2, 458–459 (1954).
Baker, J. R., and H. G. Callan: Heterochromatin. Nature (Lond.) 166, 227–228 (1950).
Baker, W. K.: On the structure of the sc8 · Y: bw+ chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Dros. Inf. Serv. 29, 101–103 (1955).
—: Induced loss of a ring and a telomeric chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 42, 735–748 (1957).
—, and J. B. Spofford: Heterochromatic control of variegation in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. X. Int. Congr. Genetics, Montreal 2, 11–12 (1958).
Barigozzi, C.: A general survey on heterochromatin. Port. Acta Biol. (R. B. Goldschmidt Vol.) 593–620 (1950).
—: Neue Aufgaben über den Einfluss von in Euchromatin und Heterochromatin liegenden Genen auf die Zellgröße bei Drosophila melanogaster. Arch. Klaus-Stift. Vererb.-Forsch. 27, 142–146 (1952).
—, and A. Di Pasquale: Heterochromatic and euehromatic genes acting on quantitative characters in Drosophila melanogaster. Heredity 7, 389–399 (1953).
Bauer, H.: Die polyploide Natur der Riesenchromosomen. Naturwiss. 26, 77–78 (1938).
Beermann, W.: Chromomerenkonstanz und spezifische Modifikationen der Chromosomenstruktur in der Entwicklung und Organdifferenzierung von Chironomus tentans. Chromosoma (Berl.) 5, 139–198 (1952).
—: Nuclear differentiation and functional morphology of chromosomes. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 21, 217–232 (1956).
—, and G. F. Bahr: The submicroscopic structure of the Balbiani ring. Exp. Cell Res. 6, 195–201 (1954).
Bessmertnaya, C. L.: Abstract of work with N. P. Dubinin on the mutation process in the Y chromosome. Biol. Zh. 3, 221 (1934).
Bier, K.: Endomitose und Polytänie in den Nährzellkernen von Calliphora erythrocephala Meigen. Chromosoma (Berl.) 8, 493–522 (1957).
—: Beziehungen zwischen Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit, endometaphasischer Kontraktion und der Bildung von Riesenchromosomen in den Nährzellen von Calliphora. Z. Naturforschg. 13b, 85–93 (1958).
Breuer, M. E., and C. Pavan: Behavior of polytene chromosomes of Rhynchosciara angelete at different stages of larval development. Chromosoma (Berl.) 7, 371–386 (1955).
Bridges, C. B.: Non-disjunction as proof of the chromosome theory of heredity. Genetics 1, 1–52, 107–163 (1916).
—: Constrictions in the chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Biol. Zbl. 47, 600–603 (1927).
—: Salivary chromosome maps, with a key to the banding of the chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Hered. 26, 60–64 (1935).
—: A revised map of the salivary gland X-chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Hered. 29, 11–13 (1938).
-, and K. Brehme: The mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. Carnegie Inst. Washington, Pub. 552. vii + 257 pp, 1944.
—, and P. N. Bridges: A new map of the second chromosome. A revised map of the right limb of the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Hered. 30, 475–476 (1939).
Bridges, P. N.: A revised map of the left limb of the third chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Hered. 32, 64–65 (1941a).
—: A revision of the salivary gland 3R-chromosomal map of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Hered. 32, 229–300 (1941b).
—: A new map of the salivary gland 2L-chromosome. J. Hered. 33, 403–408 (1942).
Brosseau, G. E.: An analysis of the fertility factors on the Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Semiannual Rept., Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Lab., 4 pp., 1958. — Genstic analysis of the male fertility factors on the Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics (submitted, 1959).
Brown, S. W., and F. D. Bennett: On sex determination in the diaspine scale Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targ.) (Coccoïdea). Genetics 42, 510–523 (1957).
Buck, J. B.: Growth and development of the salivary gland chromosomes in Sciara. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 23, 423–428 (1937).
Cooper, K. W.: Concerning the origin of the polytene chromosomes of Diptera. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 24, 452–458 (1938).
—: Analysis of meiotic pairing in Olfersia and consideration of the reciprocal chiasmata hypothesis of sex chromosome conjunction in male Drosophila. Genetics 29, 537–568 (1944).
—: Normal segregation without chiasmata in female Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 30, 472–484 (1945).
—: The mechanism of non-random segregation of sex chromosomes in male Drosophila miranda. Genetics 81, 181–194 (1946).
—: The evidence for long range specific attractive forces during the somatic pairing of dipteran chromosomes. J. exp. Zool. 108, 327–335 (1948).
—: The cytogenetics of meiosis in Drosophila. Mitotic and meiotic autosomal chiasmata without crossing over in the male. J. Morph. 84, 81–122 (1949).
—: Normal spermatogenesis in Drosophila. In: Biology of Drosophila, edit. M. Demerec, p. 1–61. New York: Wiley & Sons 1950.
—: Attached-X's of exceptional origin involving misdivision, exchange between arms of X, or implausible double exchanges. Dros. Inf. Serv. 26, 96 (1952a).
—: On the location of y+ and ac+ in sc8 · Y. Dros. Inf. Serv. 26, 97 (1952b).
- Studies on spermatogenesis in Drosophila. Amer. Phil. Soc. Yrbk (1951), p. 146–147. 1952c.
—: Phenotypic effect of Y chromosome hyperploidy in Drosophila melanogaster, and their relation to variegation. Genetics 41, 242–264 (1956).
—: A probable heterochromatic deficiency in In(1)scL8, the approximate location of bobbed, and the size of block A. Dros. Inf. Serv. 32, 118–119 (1958).
Darlington, C. D.: Recent Advances in Cytology, 2nd edit., xvi + 669 pp. Philadelphia: Blakiston 1937.
—: The origin of iso-chromosomes. J. Genet. 39, 351–361 (1940).
—: Nucleic acid and the chromosomes. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 1, 252–269 (1947).
—: The Evolution of Genetic Systems. 2. edit., xii + 265 pp. London: Oliver and Boyd 1958.
Dobzhansky, T.: Studies on chromosome conjugation. I. Translocations involving the second and the Y-chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Z. indukt. Abstamm.-u. Vererb.-Lehre 60, 235–286 (1932a).
—: Cytological map of the X-chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Biol. Zbl. 52, 493–509 (1932b).
—: Distribution of heterochromatin in the chromosomes of Drosophila pallidipennis. Amer. Naturalist 78, 193–213 (1944).
—: The X-chromosome in the larval salivary glands of hybrids Drosophila insularis × Drosophila tropicalis. Chromosoma (Berl.) 8, 691–698 (1958).
Dubinin, N. P., and M. A. Heptner: A new phenotypic effect of the Y chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Genet. 30, 423–446 (1935).
Fabergé, A.: The concept of polygenes. Nature (Lond.) 151, 643 (1943).
—, and J. E. Singleton: A new treatment of genetics. J. Hered. 41, 67–70 (1950).
Fahmy, O. G., and M. J. Fahmy: Report of new mutants. Dros. Inf. Serv. 32, 67–78 (1958).
Ficq, A., and C. Pavan: Autoradiography of polytene chromosomes of Rhynchosciara angelae at different stages of larval development. Nature (Lond.) 180, 983–984 (1957).
Fujii, S.: Salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila virilis. Cytologia (Tokyo) 7, 272–275 (1936).
—: An abnormal staining capacity of the sixth salivary gland chromosome of Drosophila virilis. Cytologia (Tokyo) 10, 294–301 (1940).
—: Further studies on the salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila virilis. Cytologia (Tokyo) 12, 435–459 (1942).
Gersh, E. S.: Influence of temperature on the expression of position effects in the scute-8 stock of Drosophila melanogaster and its relation to heterochromatization. Genetics 34, 701–707 (1949).
Gershenson, S. M.: Studies on the genetically inert region of the X-chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Behavior of an X-chromosome deficient for a part of its inert region. J. Genet. 28, 297–313 (1933).
—: The nature of so-called genetically inert parts of chromosomes. Vid. Akad. Nauk URSR., Kiev 1940, 116 p. (In Russian; English translation by Eugenia Krivshenko.)
Goldschmidt, R. B.: Heterochromatic heredity. Hereditas (Lund) Suppl., 244–255 (1949).
—: Theoretical Genetics, x + 563 pp. Berkeley: University California Press 1955.
Hannah, A.: Localization and function of heterochromatin in Drosophila melanogaster. Advanc. Genet. 4, 87–125 (1951).
—, and C. Stern: Mutation of fertility factors in the Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Dros. Inf. Serv. 26, 104–105 (1952).
Heitz, B.: Das Heterochromatin der Moose I. Jb. wiss. Bot. 69, 762–818 (1928).
—: Heterochromatin, Chromozentren, Chromomeren. Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 47, 274–284 (1929).
—: Die Herkunft der Chromozentren. Planta (Berl.) 18, 571–636 (1932).
—: Über totale und partielle somatische Heteropyknose, sowie strukturelle Geschlechtschromosomen bei Drosophila funebris. Z. Zellforsch. 19, 720–742 (1933a).
—: Die somatische Heteropyknose bei Drosophila melanogaster und ihre genetische Bedeutung. Z. Zellforsch. 20, 237–287 (1933b).
—: Eine Beziehung zwischen der genischen und strukturellen Längsdifferenzierung des X-Chromosoms von Drosophila melanogaster. Z. indukt. Abstamm.-u. Vererb.- Lehre 67, 216–217 (1934a).
—: Über αund β-Heterochromatin sowie Konstanz und Bau der Chromomeren bei Drosophila. Biol. Zbl. 54, 588–609 (1934b).
—: Chromosomenstruktur und Gene. Z. indukt. Abstamm.-u. Vererb.-Lehre 70, 402–447 (1935).
- Die Chromosomenstruktur im Kern während der Kernteilung und der Entwicklung des Organismus. In: Chromosomes (Lectures held at the Conference on Chromosomes, Wageningen), p. 5–25. 1956.
Hinton, T.: A comparative study of certain heterochromatic regions in the mitotic and salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 27, 119–127 (1942).
Huettner, A. F.: Continuity of the centrioles in Drosophila melanogaster. Z. Zellforsch. 19, 119–134 (1933).
Hughes-Schrader, S.: Cytology of Cocoids (Coccoïdea-Homoptera). Adv. Genetics 2, 127–203 (1948).
Kaufmann, B. P.: Interchange between X-and Y-chromosomes in attached X females of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 19, 830–838 (1933).
—: Somatic mitoses of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Morph. 56, 125–155 (1934).
—: Nucleolus-organizing regions in salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Z. Zellforsch. 28, 1–11 (1938).
—: Distribution of induced breaks along the X-chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 25, 571–577 (1939 a).
—: Induced chromosome rearrangements in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Heredity 30, 178–190 (1939b).
—: Reversion from roughest to wild type in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 27, 537–549 (1942).
—: Cytology. Carnegie Inst. Publ. 43, 115–120 (1944).
—: Chromosome aberrations induced in animal cells by ionizing radiations. In: Radiation Biology, vol. 1, p. 627–711. New York: McGraw-Hill 1954.
Khvostova, V. V.: The influence of the proximal chromosome regions on the position effect of the cubitus interruptus gene in D. melanogaster. Dros. Inf. Serv. 15, 25 (1941).
King, R. C., A. C. Rubinson and R. F. Smith: Oogenesis in adult Drosophila melanogaster. Growth 20, 121–157 (1956).
Kraczkiewicz, Z., and B. Matuszewski: Observations sur une structure atypique des chromosomes salivaires de certains cécidomyides. Chromosoma (Berl.) 9, 484–492 (1958).
Krivshenko, J.: The structure of the heterochromatic part of the Y-chromosome in Drosophila buscki. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. 36, 703–707 (1950).
—: A cytogenetic study of the Y chromosome in Drosophila buscki. Genetics 37, 500–518 (1952).
—: In1(1)K, miniature 55 l 3. Dros. Inf. Serv. 30, 75 (1956).
Lamy, R., and H. Slizynska: A spontaneous ring-shaped deletion in the Muller-5 chromosome. Dros. Inf. Serv. 24, 83 (1950).
Lefevre, G.: bbD: Bobbed-dominant (?). Dros. Inf. Serv. 23, 58 (1949).
Lewis, E. B.: The phenomenon of position effect. Advanc. Genetics 3, 73–115 (1950).
Lindsley, D. L.: Spermatogonial exchange between the X and Y chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 40, 24–44 (1955a).
—: Heteroohromatio exchange between a reversed acrocentric compound X chromosome and the Y chromosome. Dros. Inf. Serv. 29, 134 (1955b).
—: Spermatogonial exchange involving the X but not the Y chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster. Z. Vererb.-Lehre 89, 103–122 (1958).
— C. W. Edington and E. S. Von Halle: Sex-linked recessive lethal changes in Drosophila melanogaster suppressed by the Y chromosome. Proc. X. Int. Congr. Genetics, Montreal 2, 172–173 (1958).
—, and L. Sandler: The meiotic behavior of grossly deleted X chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 43, 547–563 (1958).
Linnert, G.: Die Struktur der Pachytänchromosomen in Euchromatin und Heterochromatin und ihre Auswirkung auf die Chiasma-Bildung bei Salvia-Arten. Chromosoma (Berl.) 7, 90–128 (1955).
Mather, K.: Polygenes in development. Nature (Lond.) 151, 560 (1943).
—: The genetical activity of heterochromatin. Proc. roy. Soc. B 132, 308–332 (1944).
—: Significance of nuclear change in differentiation. Nature (Lond.) 161, 872–874 (1948).
Mechelke, P.: Reversible Strukturmodifikationen der Speicheldrüsenchromosomen von Acricotopus lucidus. Chromosoma (Berl.) 5, 511–543 (1953).
- The timetable of physiological activity of several loci in the salivary gland chromosomes of Acricotopus lucidus. Proc. X. Int. Congr. Genetics, Montreal 2, 185 (1958).
Melland, A. M.: Types of development of polytene chromosomes. Proc. roy. Soc. Edinb. B 61, 316–327 (1942).
Moore, J. A.: Transplantation of nuclei between Rana pipiens and Rana sylvatica. Exp. Cell Res. 14, 532–540 (1958a).
—: The transfer of haploid nuclei between Rana pipiens and Rana sylvatica. Exp. Cell Res. Suppl. 6, 179–191 (1958b).
Morgan, L. V.: Origin of attaehed-X chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster and the occurrence of non-disjunction of X's in the male. Amer. Nat. 72, 434–446 (1938).
—, C. B. Bridges and J. Schultz: Report of investigations on the constitution of the germinal material in relation to heredity. Carnegie Instn. Publ. 33, 274–280 (1934); 34, 284–291 (1935); 35, 289–297 (1936).
— J. Schultz and V. Curry: Investigations on the constitution of the germinal material in relation to heredity. Carnegie Inst. Publ. 39, 251–255 (1940); 40, 282–287 (1941).
— A. H. Sturtevant and C. B. Bridges: The constitution of the germ material in relation to heredity. Carnegie Inst. Publ. 25, 308–312 (1926).
Muller, H. J.: A gene for the fourth chromosome of Drosophila. J. exp. Zool. 17, 325–336 (1914).
—: Genetic variability, twin hybrids and constant hybrids, in a case of balanced lethal factors. Genetics 3, 422–499 (1918).
—: The remaking of chromosomes. Collecting Net 13, 181, 183–195, 198 (1938).
—: The non-equivalence of the blocks and the salivary “heterochromatin”. Genetics 30, 15 (1944a).
—: The mechanism of chromosome breakage by irradiation. Amer. Phil. Soc. Yrbk. 1943. 162–165 (1944b).
—: Tandem attached X's producing ring chromosomes. Dros. Inf. Serv. 18, 57–58 (1944c).
—: The construction of several new types of Y chromosomes. Dros. Inf. Serv. 22, 73–74 (1948).
—: The use of rearranged X's and Y's in facilitating class work with Drosophila. Dros. Inf. Serv. 23, 110–111 (1949).
—: The nature of the genetic effects produced by radiation. In: Radiation Biology, vol. 1, p. 351–473. New York: McGraw-Hill 1954.
—: The relation between chromosome changes and gene mutations. Brookhaven Symp. Biol. 8, 126–147 (1956).
Muller, H. J., and S. M. Gershenson: Inert regions of chromosomes as the temporary products of individual genes. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 21, 69–75 (1935).
—, and I. Herskowitz: Concerning the healing of chromosome ends produced by breakage in Drosophila melanogaster. Amer. Naturalist 88, 177–208 (1954).
—, and T. Painter: The differentiation of the sex chromosomes of Drosophila into genetically active and inert regions. Z. indukt. Abstamm.-u. Vererb.-Lehre 62, 316–365 (1932).
—, and A. A. Prokofyeva: The structure of the chromonema of the inert region of the X-chromosome of Drosophila. C. R. (Dokl.) Acad. Sci. URSS., N.S. 1, 658–660 (1935).
— D. Raffel, S. M. Gershenson and A. A. Prokofyeva-Belgovskaya: A further analysis of loci in the so-called “inert” region of the X chromosome of Drosophila. Genetics 22, 87–93 (1937).
—, and J. Valencia: Three scute alleles involving gross rearrangements. Dros. Inf. Serv. 21, 69–70 (1947).
Neuhaus, M. E.: Data concerning crossing over between the X and Y chromosomes in females of melanogaster Drosophila (sic). C. R. (Dokl.) Acad. Sci. URSS., N.S. 3, 41–44 (1935).
—: Crossing-over between the X-and Y-chromosomes in the female Drosophila melanogaster. Biol. Zh. 15, 63–73 (1936a).
—: Crossing over between the X-and Y-chromosomes in the female of Drosophila melanogaster. Z. indukt. Abstamm.-u. Vererb.-Lehre 71, 265–275 (1936b).
—: Production of attached X-chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster males. Nature (Lond.) 137, 996–997 (1936c).
—: Crossing-over in the bobbed region. Dros. Inf. Serv. 8, 80 (1937 a).
—: Additional data on crossing-over between X and Y chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 22, 333–339 (1937b).
—: A cytogenetic study of the Y-chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster. Biol. Zh. 7, 335–358 (1938).
—: A cytogenetic study of the Y-chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Genet. 37, 229–254 (1939).
Noujdin, N. I.: A study of mosaicism of the eversporting displacement type in Drosophila melanogaster. Bull. Biol. Méd. exp. 5, 548–551 (1938).
—: The role of hybridization in variation. III. Influence of the Y-chromosome on the variability of the yellow and achaete loci in Drosophila melanogaster. Zh. obsh-. Biol. 8, 101–126 (1947).
Novitski, E.: The compound X chromosomes in Drosophila. Genetics 39, 127–140 (1954).
Östergren, G.: Isopycnosis and isopycnotic, two new terms for use in chromosome studies. Hereditas (Lund) 36, 511–513 (1950).
Oster, I. I., and S. V. Iyengar: A marked ring-Y. Dros. Inf. Serv. 29, 159 (1956).
Parker, D. R.: Radiation induced exchanges in Drosophila females. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 40, 795–800 (1954).
—, and J. McCrone: A genetic analysis of some rearrangements induced in oocytes of Drosophila. Genetics 43, 172–186 (1958).
Pavan, C.: Morphological and physiological aspects of chromosomal activities. Proc. X. Int. Congr. Genetics, Montreal. (Preprint, 14 pp.) 1958.
—, and M. E. Breuer: Polytene chromosomes in different tissues of Rhynchosciara. J. Hered. 43, 150–157 (1952).
—: Polytene chromosomes of “Rhynchosciara milleri” sp. n. (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Rev. bras. Biol. 15, 329–339 (1954a).
- Differences in nucleic acids content of the loci in polytene chromo- somes of Rhynchosciara angelae according to tissues and larval stages. Symp. on Cell Secretion (edit. G. Schreiber), Belo Horizonte, p. 90–99, University of Minas Gerais.
Philip, U.: Crossing-over between X- and Y-chromosomes in Drosophila melano- gaster. J. Genet. 31, 341–352 (1935).
Pontecorvo, G.: Structure of heterochromatin. Nature (Lond.) 158, 365–367 (1944).
Poulson, D. F., and C. W. Metz: Studies on the structure of nucleolus-forming regions and related structures in the giant salivary gland chromosomes of Diptera. J. Morph. 63, 363–395 (1938).
Prokofyeva, A. A.: Morphologische Struktur der Chromosomen von Drosophila melanogaster. Z. Zellforsch. 22, 225–262 (1935).
Prokofyeva-Belgovskaya, A. A.: The structure of the chromocentre. C. R. (Dokl.) Acad. Sci. URSS. 2, 498–499 (1935a).
—: Y chromosome in salivary glands of Drosophila. C. R. (Dokl.) Acad. Sci. URSS. 3, 365–366 (1935b).
—: The structure of the chromocenter. Cytologia (Tokyo) 6, 438–443 (1935c).
—: The structure of the Y chromosome in the salivary glands of Drosophila melano- gaster. Genetics 22, 94–103 (1937a).
- Observations on the structure of chromosomes in the salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster. Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR., Otd. mat.-est., Ser. biol. 1937b, 393–426 - Cytological study of the “simple breaks” in the inert region of the scute8 chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR., Otd. mat.-est., Ser. biol. 1939, 349–361.
—: Cytologieal properties of inert regions and their bearing on the mechanisms of mosaicism and chromosome rearrangement. Dros. Inf. Serv. 15, 34–35 (1941).
—: Heterocyclicity of the system of cell nucleus. C. R. (Dokl.) Acad. Sci. URSS. 53, 741–744 (1946a).
—: Heterocyclicity of the parental chromosome sets. C. R. (Dokl.) Acad. Sci. URSS. 54, 169–172 (1946b).
—: Heterochromatization as a change of chromosome cycle. J. Genet. 48, 80–98 (1947).
Rabenowitz, M.: Studies on the cytology and early embryology of the egg of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Morph. 69, 1–49 (1941).
Raffel, D., and H. J. Muller: Position effect and gene divisibility considered in connection with three strikingly similar scute mutations. Genetics 25, 541–583 (1940).
Rasmuson, M.: Variation in bristle number of Drosophila melanogaster. Acta zool. (Stockh.) 33, 277–307 (1952).
Resende, F.: Hétérochromatine. Port. Acta biol. 1, 139–156 (1945).
Ris, H.: Chromosome structure. In: Chemical Basis of Heredity, edit. W. McElroy and H. B. Glass, p. 23–62. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press 1957.
—, and H. Crouse: Structure of the salivary gland chromosomes of Diptera. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 31, 321–327 (1945).
Rudkin, G. T.: The ultraviolet absorption of puffed and unpuffed homologous regions in the salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 40, 593 (1955).
—, and S. L. Corlette: Disproportionate synthesis of DNA in a polytene chromo- some region. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 43, 964–968 (1957).
Schrader, F.: The chromosomes of Pseudococeus nipae. Biol. Bull. 40, 259–271 (1921).
—: A study of the chromosomes in three species of Pseudococcus. Arch. Zellforsch. 17, 45–62 (1923).
—: Die Geschlechtschromosomen. In Zellen- und Befruchtungslehre, Bd. 1, iv u. 194 S. Berlin: Gebrüder Bornträger 1928.
Schultz, J.: The function of heterochromatin. Proc. 7. Int. Congr. Gen. 1939. J. Genet. Suppl., 257–262 (1941 a).
—: The evidence of the nucleoprotein nature of the gene. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 9, 55–65 (1941b).
- The gene as a chemical unit. In: Colloid Chemistry, edit. J. alexander, vol. 5, p. 819–850. 1944.
—: The nature of heterochromatin. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 12, 179–191 (1948).
—: Interrelations between nucleus and cytoplasm: problems at the biological level. Exp. Cell Res. Suppl. 2, 17–42 (1952).
—, and D. G. Catcheside: The nature of closed X-chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Genet. 35, 315–320 (1937).
—, and H. Redfield: Interchromosomal effect on crossing over in Drosophila. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 16, 175–197 (1951).
Sharma, A. K., and A. Sharma: Recent advances in the study of chromosome structure. Bot. Rev. 24, 511–549 (1958).
Slyzinski, B. M.: A revised map of salivary gland chromosome 4 of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Hered. 35, 322–324 (1944).
—: Chironomus versus Drosophila. J. Genet. 50, 77–78 (1944).
Sonnenblick, B. P.: The early embryology of Drosophila melanogaster. In: Biology of Drosophila, edit. M. Demerec, p. 62–167. New York: Wiley & Sons 1950.
Steinberg, A. G.: Is a chromosomal aberration necessary for a position effect ? Dros. Inf. Serv. 17, 65 (1942).
Stern, C.: Eine neue Chromosomenaberration von Drosophila melanogaster und ihre Bedeutung für die Theorie der linearen Anordnung der Gene. Biol. Zbl. 46, 505–508 (1926).
—: Ein genetischer und zytologischer Beweis für Vererbung im Y-Chromosom von Drosophila melanogaster. Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb.- Lehre 44, 187–231 (1927).
—: Über die additive Wirkung multipler Allele. Biol. Zbl. 49, 261–290 (1929a).
—: Untersuchungen über Aberrationen des Y-Chromosoms von Drosophila melanogaster. Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb.- Lehre 51, 253–353 (1929b).
—: During which stage in the nuclear cycle do the genes produce their effects in the cytoplasm ? Amer. Naturalist 72, 350–357 (1938).
—, and E. Hadorn: The determination of sterility in Drosophila males without a complete Y-chromosome. Amer. Naturalist 72, 42–52 (1938).
—, and S. Ogura: Neue Untersuchungen über Aberrationen des Y-Chromosoms von Drosophila melanogaster. Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb.-Lehre 58, 81–121 (1931).
Stone, W. S., and I. Thomas: Crossover and disjunctional properties of X chro- mosome inversions in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetica 17, 170–184 (1935).
Sturtevant, A. H.: The locus of inturned. Dros. Inf. Serv. 17, 51 (1943).
Tiniakov, G, G.: The inert regions and general morphology of the chromosomes in the salivary gland cells of Drosophila. Biol. Zh. 5, 753–802 (1936).
Vanderlyn, L.: The heterochromatic problem in cytogenetics as related to other branches of investigation. Bot. Rev. 15, 507–582 (1949).
Waddington, C. H.: Organisers and Genes, xi and 160 p. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1940.
—: Polygenes and oligogenes. Nature (Lond.) 51, 394 (1943).
Wallbrunn, H. M.: l(l)tl: lethal (1) temperature limited. Dros. Inf. Serv. 21, 71 (1947).
Wenrich, D. H.: The spermatogenesis of Phrynotettix magnus with special reference to synapsis and the individuality of the chromosomes. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. (Harvard College) 60, 57–134 (1916).
White, M. J. D.: The cytology of the Cecidomyidae (Diptera). IV. The salivarygland chromosomes of several species. J. Morph. 82, 53–80 (1948).
—: Nucleus, chromosomes and genes. In: Cytology and Cell Physiology, edit. G. Bourne, p. 183–231. London: Oxford University Press 1951.
—: Animal Cytology and Evolution, 2. edit., xiv and 454 p. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1954.
Wolf, B. E.: Nachweis eines lokalisierten Chromatidenstückaustausches im X-Chromosom von Phryne cincta mit Hilfe der Speicheldrüsenanalyse. Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 1956. Zool. Anz. Suppl., 284–297 (1957).
—: Temperaturabhängige Allozyklie des polytänen X-Chromosoms in den Kernen der Somazellen von Phryne cincta. Chromosoma (Berl.) 8, 396–435 (1957).
—: Control of the crossing-over frequency in the X-chromosome of Phryne cincta by allocycly (Diptera: Nematocera). Proc. X. Int. Congr. Genetics, Montreal 2, 318 (1958).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This investigation was supported in part by a grant (G-419) from the National Science Foundation to the University of Rochester. The actual research was completed in the Department of Biology at the University of Florida.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cooper, K.W. Cytogenetic analysis of major heterochromatic elements (especially Xh and Y) in Drosophila melanogaster, and the theory of “heterochromatin”. Chromosoma 10, 535–588 (1959). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00396588
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00396588