Abstract
In situ cone-penetrometer tests at 11 stations in Norton Sound, Alaska, complement previous studies of geologic processes and provide geotechnical data for an analysis of sediment response to loading. Assessment of the penetrometer records shows that various geologic factors influence penetration resistance. On the Yukon prodelta, penetration resistance increases with the level of storm wave or ice loading. In central and eastern Norton Sound, thermogenic and biogenic gas, as well as variations in sediment texture and composition, effect a wide range of resistance to penetration.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Thor, D. R., and Nelson, C. H., 1980. A summary of interacting, surficial geologic processes and potential geologic hazards in the Norton Basin, northern Bering Sea. Journal of Petroleum Technology, March, p. 355–362.
Larsen, M. C. Nelson, C. H., and Thor, D. R. (eds.), 1980. Geological, geochemical, and geotechnical observations on the Bering Shelf, Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-979, 492 p.
Hampton, M. A., and Winters, W. J., 1983. Geotechnical framework study of the northern Bering Sea, Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-404, 382 p.
Beard, R. M., and Lee, H. J., 1982. A 40-foot static core penetrometer. Proceedings 14th Offshore Technology Conference, p. 69–81.
Nelson, C. H., 1982. Late Pleistocene-Holocene transgressive sedimentation in deltaic and non-deltaic areas of the Bering continental shelf. Geologie en Mijnbouw, v. 61, p. 5–18.
Dupré, W. R., and Thompson, R., 1979. The Yukon Delta: A model for deltaic sediment in an ice-dominated environment. Proceedings 11th Offshore Technology Conference, p. 657–664.
Nelson, C. H., and others, 1982. Variation in sand body types on the eastern Bering Sea continental shelf. Geologie en Mijnbouw, v. 61, p. 37–48.
Nelson, C. H., and Creager, J. S., 1977. Displacement of Yukon-derived sediment from Bering Sea to Chukchi Sea during the Holocene. Geology, v. 5, p. 141–146.
Nelson, C. H., 1980. Graded storm sand layers offshore from the Yukon delta, Alaska. In: M. C. Larsen, C. H. Nelson, and D. R. Thor (eds.), Geological, geochemical, and geotechnical observations on the Bering Shelf, Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-979, 21 p.
Cacchione, D. A., and Drake, D. E., 1979. Sediment transport in Norton Sound, Alaska: Regional patterns and GEOPROBE system measurements. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-1555, 88 p.
McManus, D. A., and others, 1977. Distribution of bottom sediments on the continental shelf, northern Bering Sea. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 759-C, 31 p.
Schmertmann, J. H., 1978. Study of feasibility of using Wissa-type piezometer probe to identify liquefaction potential of saturated fine sands. U.S. Army Waterways Experiment Station Technical Reports S-78-2, 73 p.
Clukey, E. C., Cacchione, D. A., and Nelson, C. H. 1980. Liquefaction potential of the Yukon prodelta, Bering Sea. Proceedings 12th Offshore Technology Conference, p. 315–325.
Martin, F. R., and Douglas, B. J., 1981. Evaluation of the cone penetrometer for liquefaction hazard assessment. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-284, 185 p.
Holmes, M. L., and Cline, J. D., 1979. Geologic setting and source depth of the Norton Basin gas seep. Journal Petroleum Technology, October, p. 1241–1248.
Nelson, C. H., Kvenvolden, C. H., and Clukey, E. C., 1978. Thermogenic gases in near-surface sediments of Norton Sound, Alaska. Proceedings 10th Offshore Technology Conference, p. 2623–2633.
Kvenvolden, K. A., and others, 1979. Biogenic and thermogenic gas in gas-charged sediment of Norton Sound, Alaska. Proceedings 11th Offshore Technology Conference, p. 479–486.
Johnson, J. L., and Holmes, M. L., 1978. Report on surface and subsurface faulting in Norton Sound and northeastern Chirikov Basin Alaska. In: M. C. Larsen, C. H. Nelson, and D. R. Thor (eds.), Geological, geochemical, and geotechnical observations on the Bering Shelf, Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80–979, 25 p.
Denk, E. W., and others, 1981. A pressurized core barrel for sampling gas-charged marine sediments. Proceedings 13th Offshore Technology Conference, p. 43–52.
Holmes, M. L., and Thor, D. R., 1982. Distribution of gas-charged sediment in Norton Sound and Chirikov Basin. Geologie en Mijnbouw, v. 61, p. 79–90.
Kvenvolden, K. A., and others, 1981. Hydrocarbon gases in near-surface sediment of northern Bering Sea (Norton Sound and Chirikov Basin). In: D. W. Hood, and J. A. Calder (eds.), The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf: Oceanography and Resources. Seattle, University of Washington Press, p. 411–424.
Olsen, H. W., Clukey, E. C., and Nelson, C. H., 1980. Geotechnical characteristics of bottom sediments in the northern Bering Sea. Geologie en Mijnbouw, v. 61, p. 91–104.
Howard, J. D., and Nelson, C. H., 1982. Sedimentary structures on a delta-influenced shallow shelf, Norton Sound, Alaska. Geologie en Mijnbouw, v. 61, p. 29–36.
Shepard, F. P., 1954. Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 24, p. 151–158.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hampton, M.A., Lee, H.J. & Beard, R.M. Geological interpretation of cone penetrometer tests in Norton Sound, Alaska. Geo-Marine Letters 2, 223–230 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02462768
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02462768