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An experimental study of the discharge coefficient of pipe perforations

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Abstract

Experiments were conducted to study the variation of the pressure loss coefficient of pipe perforations with geometrical parameters of the perforations and a Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter of an orifice representing the perforations. The experimental data are used to develop an empirical relationship between the head loss across the perforations and the geometrical and hydraulic parameters related to the perforations which was seen to give better predictions when the perforations are not very closely spaced. The experimental results reported herein correspond to the pipes of small perforated length, with downstream end of the pipe closed.

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Abbreviations

a :

area of the orifice

A :

total area of perforations

A 1 :

inner area of pipe

A 2 :

outlet area

C r :

factor for static pressure regain

D :

diameter of the orifice

D h :

hydraulic diameter

D p :

internal diameter of the pipe

fo :

friction factor for orifice surface

fp :

friction factor for perforated pipe

g :

acceleration due to gravity

H :

water head inside the perforated pipe

H 0 :

head outside the perforated pipe

H(A):

experimental water head difference

H1:

water head difference between inside and outside of perforations when A 2 is outlet area and A 1 is inside perforated surface area of pipe

H2:

water head difference between inside and outside of perforations when A 2 is outlet area and A 1 is cross-sectional area of pipe

H3:

water head difference between inside and outside of perforations when A 2 is infinity and A 1 is inside perforated surface area of pipe

H4:

water head difference between inside and outside of perforations when A 2 is infinity and A 1 is cross-sectional area of pipe

H t :

total head at the inlet of the perforated pipe

ΔH0 :

head loss across the orifice

ΔHf :

head loss due to surface friction

ΔHm :

head loss due to momentum reduction

K f :

pressure loss coefficient for frictional losses

L p :

perforated length of the pipe

n :

total number of orifices in a perforated pipe

N :

number of orifice rows

p :

pitch of perforations

P a :

perimeter of the flow passage

P 0 :

porosity of the perforated pipe

q :

flow rate through orifice

Q :

flow rate through perforations

Re 0 :

Reynolds number based on orifice diameter

Re p :

Reynolds number based on pipe diameter

T :

wall thickness of the pipe

v :

velocity of flow through the orifice

V 1 :

velocity of flow upstream of the orifice

V 2 :

velocity of flow downstream of the orifice

τ (tou):

coefficient depending on T/D ratio of the orifice

ζ (zeeta):

loss coefficient of fluid flow through perforated pipe

ζ′:

coefficient depending on the shape of the inlet edge of the orifice

References

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Reactor Control Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 400085, Bombay, India

    S. S. Taliyan (Scientific Officer), M. Singh (Scientific Officer) & S. Govindarajan (Head)

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, 400076, Bombay, India

    D. P. Roy (Professor)

  3. Reactor Projects Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 400085, Bombay, India

    R. B. Grover (Scientific Officer)

Authors
  1. S. S. Taliyan
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  2. D. P. Roy
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  3. R. B. Grover
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  4. M. Singh
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  5. S. Govindarajan
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Taliyan, S.S., Roy, D.P., Grover, R.B. et al. An experimental study of the discharge coefficient of pipe perforations. Experiments in Fluids 19, 348–352 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00203420

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00203420

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