Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Electrochemically intercalated MxC60 thin films in a solid state cell (M = Li, K): Optical and photoelectrochemical characterization

  • Regular Papers
  • Published:
Applied Physics A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Solid-state electrochemical cells have been prepared with C60 vacuum-evaporated thin films, a Li- or K-source counter electrode and a polymer PEO-LiClO4 (PEO-KClO4) electrolyte. The electrochemical intercalation in C60 of Li+ (or K+) ions has been performed under constant current conditions up to a formal stoichiometry of the fulleride film equal to Li12C60 (K5C60). A complete charge-transfer pocess from the intercalated alkali to the alkali-metal compound has been assumed. Several quasi-equilibrium potential plateaux were observed during intercalation, that we associate with the coexistence of phases with different intercalant concentration. The electrochemical intercalation process is irreversible to a large extent. Optical and photoelectrochemical spectroscopy of the fulleride films was done “in-situ” at different moments of the intercalation reaction by illuminating the film electrodes through the transparent and conducting glass substrates. The photo electrochemical spectral response agrees well with the optical absorption spectra, both indicating a bandgap of 2.2 eV. The photoelectrochemical response shows a minimum forx = 3 (in the KxC60 compound) and a maximum atx = 4 (in both KxC60 andLixC60 compounds), in agreement with previous conductivity results. NIR diffuse reflectance spectra of the solid-state cell show absorption bands in the fulleride films at a wavelength of 1100 nm. A band-energy diagram has been proposed for the MxC60/PEO-MClO4/M electrochemical cell.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. P.J. Benning, J.L. Martins, J.H. Weaver, L.P.F. Chibante, R.E. Smalley: Science252, 1417 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  2. P.W. Stephens, L. Mihaly, P.L. Lee, R.L. Whetten, S. Huang, R. Kaner, F. Deiderich, K. Holczer: Nature351, 632 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  3. R.C. Haddon: Ace. Chem. Res.25, 127 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  4. M.J. Rosseinsky: J. Mater. Chem.5, 1497 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  5. D. Billaud, S. Lemont, J. Ghanbaja: Synthetic Metals70, 1371 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  6. P. Trouillas, A. Moliton, B. Ratier: Synthetic Metals73, 145 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Y. Iwasa, S. Watanabe, T. Kaneyasu, T. Yasuda, T. Koda, M. Nagata, N. Mizutani: J. Phys. Chem. Solids54, 1795 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  8. D.W. Murphy, M.J. Rosseinsky. R.M. Fleming, R. Tycko, A.P. Ramirez, R.C. Haddon, T. Siegrist, G. Dabbagh, J.C. Tully, R.E. Walstedt: J. Phys. Chem. Solids53, 1321 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  9. R.M. Fleming, M.J. Rosseinsky, A.P. Ramirez, D.W. Murphy, J.C. Tully, R.C. Haddon, T. Siegrist, R. Tycko, S.H. Glarum, P. Marsh, G. Dabbagh, S.M. Zahurak, A.V. Makhija, C. Hampton: Nature352, 701 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  10. K. Tanigaki, I. Hirosawa, T.W. Ebbesen, J. Mizuki, J.-S. Tsai: J. Phys. Chem. Solids:54, 1645 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  11. T. Yildirim, O. Zhou, J.E. Fischer, N. Bykovetz, R.A. Strongin, M.A. Cichy, A.B. Smith III, C.L. Lin, R. Jelinek: Nature360, 568 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Y. Chabre, D. Jurado, M. Armand, W.R. Romanov, N. Coustel, J.P. McCauley Jr., J.E. Fischer, A.B. Smith: J. Am. Chem. Soc.114, 764 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  13. J.D. Klein, A. Yen, R.D. Rauh, S.L. Clauson: Appl. Phys. Lett.63, 599 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  14. K. Kaneto, M. Mizue, W. Takashima: Synthetic Metals56, 3080 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  15. L.J. Wilson, S. Flanagan, L.P.F. Chibante, J.M. Alford: InBuckminsterfullerenes, ed. by W. Edward Billups, Marco A. Ciufolini (VCH Publishers, Inc., New York 1993) Chapter 11

    Google Scholar 

  16. C. Jehoulet, A.J. Bard, F. Wudl: J. Am. Chem. Sec.113, 5456 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  17. K. Jobst, L. Sawtschenko, G. Paasch, J. Fink: Synthetic Metals55-57, 3179 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  18. R.G. Compton, R.A. Spackman, D.J. Riley, R.G. Wellington, J.C. Eklund, A.C. Fisher: J. Electroanal. Chem.344, 235 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  19. B. Miller, J.M. Rosamilia, G. Dabbagh, R. Tycko, R.C. Haddon, A.J. Muller, W. Wilson, D.W. Murphy, A.F. Hebard: J. Am. Chem. Soe.113, 6291 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  20. S.I. Cordoba de Torresi, R.M. Torresi, G. Ciampi, C.A. Luengo: J. Electroanal. Chem.377, 283 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  21. H. Gerischer, F. Decker, B. Scrosati: J. Electrochem. Soc.,141, 2297 (l994).

    Google Scholar 

  22. C. Gu, F. Stepniak, D.M. Poirier, M.B. Jost, P.J. Benning, Y. Chen, T.R. Ohno, J.L. Martins, J.H. Weaver, J. Fure, R.E. Smalley: Phys. Rev. B45, 6348 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  23. D.M. Poirier, J.H. Weaver: Phys. Rev.B47, 10959 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  24. K. Pichler, R.H. Friend, W.J. Romanow, W.J. Romanow Jr., H. Mertwoy, J.E. Fischer: Synthetic Metals51, 257 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  25. X. Wei, Z.V. Vardeny, D. Moses, V.I. Srdanov, F. Wudl: Synthetic Metals49-50, 549 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  26. A. Skumanich: Chem. Phys. Letters182, 486 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  27. R.C. Haddon, L.E. Brus, K. Raghavachari: Chem. Phys. Letters125, 459 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  28. R.W. Lof, M.A. van Veenendaal, B. Koopmans, H.T. Jonkman, G.A. Sawatzky: Phys. Rev. Lett.68, 3924 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  29. T. Takahashi, S. Suzuki, T. Morikawa, H. Katayama-Yoshida, S. Hasegawa, H. Inokuchi, K. Seki, K. Kikuchi, S. Suzuki, K. Ikemoto, Y. Achiba: Phys. Rev. Lett.68, 1232 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  30. J.H. Weaver, P.J. Benning, F. Stepniak, D.M. Poirier: J. Phys. Chem. Solids53, 1707 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  31. T. Rabenau, A. Simon, R.K. Kremer, E. Sohmen: Z. Phys. B90, 69 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  32. E.L. Shirley, S.G. Louie: Phys. Rev. Lett.71, 133 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  33. V.M. Farztdinov, Y.E. Lozovik, Y.A. Matveets, A.G. Stepanov, V.S. Lethokhov, The J. Phys. Chem.98, 3290 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  34. J.I. Pankove:Optical Processes in Semicondutors (Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1975) Chapter 6

    Google Scholar 

  35. Y.V. Pleskov, Y.Y. Gurevich:Semiconductor Photoelectrochemistry (Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York 1986)Chapter 6

    Google Scholar 

  36. V.M. Arutyunyan: Sov. Phys. Usp.32, 521 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  37. D.M. Poirier, D.W. Owens, J.H. Weaver: submitted to Phys. Rev. B.

  38. P.J. Benning, D.M. Poirier, T.R. Ohno, Y. Chen, M.B. Jost, F. Stepniak, G.H. Kroll, J.H. Weaver, J. Fure, R.E. Smalley: Phys. Rev. B45, 6899 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  39. J.H. Weaver: Ace. Chem. Res.25, 143 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  40. K.L. Alkers, M. Moskovits: J. El. Spec. and Rel. Phen.,64/65, 871 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  41. G.P. Kochanski, A.F. Hebard, R.C. Haddon, A.T. Fiory: Science255, 184 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  42. R.W. Lof, H.T. Jonkman, G.A. Sawatzky: Solid State Commun.,93, 633 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  43. J.H. Weaver: J. Phys. Chem. Solids53, 1433 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  44. A.F. Hebard: Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci.23, 159 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  45. D.R. Lawson, D.L. Feldheim, C.A. Foss, P.K. Dorhout, C.M. Elliott, C.R. Martin, B. Parkinson: J. Electrochem. Soc.,139, L68 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  46. D.R. Lawson, D.L. Feldheim, C.A. Foss, P.K. Dorhout, C.M. Elliott, C.R. Martin, B. Parkinson: J. Phys. Chem.,96, 7175 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  47. M. Baumgarten, A. Gugel, L. Gherghel: Adv. Mater.,5, 458 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  48. T. Pichler, M. Matus. J. Kurti, H. Kuzmany: Solid State Commun.,81, 859 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  49. V.L. Colvin, M.C. Schlamp, A.P. Alivisatos: Nature370, 354 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  50. N.S. Sariciftci, L. Smilowitz, A.J. Heeger, F. Wudl: Synth. Metals59, 333 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Y. Yamashita, W. Takashima, K. Kaneto, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.32, L1017 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Dept., University of Roma, 00185, Roma, Italy

    E. A. Dalchiele, J. M. Rosolen & F. Decker

Authors
  1. E. A. Dalchiele
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. M. Rosolen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. F. Decker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

On leave from Instituto de Fisica, Facultad de Ingenleria, C.C. 30, 11000 Montevideo, Uruguay

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dalchiele, E.A., Rosolen, J.M. & Decker, F. Electrochemically intercalated MxC60 thin films in a solid state cell (M = Li, K): Optical and photoelectrochemical characterization. Appl. Phys. A 63, 487–494 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01571679

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01571679

PACS

Search

Navigation