Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Interactive programme for evaluation of circular analyses (IPECA)

  • Global Needs For RM
  • Published:
Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A PC-based interactive programme is described which is designed to help in suggesting the best estimate of the true value of an analyte content from results of collective studies aiming at deriving consensus values and/or reference material preparation by employing combined statistical and analytical considerations. The Grubbs, Dixon, Huber tests, and the coefficients of skewness and curtosis tests are used for outlier detection, the Bartlett, Cochran, and the standard error tests are employed for testing variance homogeneity testing and/or variance outliers identification, while the normality of results distribution is tested according to the Kolmogoroff-Smirnoff-Lilliefors and Shapiro-Wilk tests. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is employed to test differences among means of results obtained in different conditions (laboratories, analytical methods, etc.) and to calculate the overall mean and its confidence interval accordingly. Points for an analytical discussion are given which should be considered prior to a decision whether a result of a trace element determination, identified as an outlier from statistical reasons, should be rejected.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Taylor JK (1993) Standard Reference Materials Handbook for SRM Users NIST Spec Publ 260–100. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  2. de Goeij JJM, Kosta L, Byrne AR, Kučera J (1983) Anal Chim Acta 146:161

    Google Scholar 

  3. Byrne AR, Camara-Rica C, Cornelis R, de Goeij JJM, Iyengar GV, Kirkbright G, Knapp G, Parr RM, Stoeppler M (1987) Fresenius Z Anal Chem 326:723

    Google Scholar 

  4. Dybczynski R (1980) Anal Chim Acta 117:53

    Google Scholar 

  5. Mandel J, Paule RC (1970) Anal Chem 42:1194 and Corrections (1971) Anal Chem 43:1287

    Google Scholar 

  6. Fangmayer H, Haemers L, Larisse (1977) Statistical Approach for Collaborative Tests Reference Materials Certification Procedures. EUR 5621 en, CEC, Brussels-Luxembourg

    Google Scholar 

  7. Paule RC, Mandel J (1982) J Res NBS 87:377

    Google Scholar 

  8. Marchandise H, Colinet E (1983) Fresenius Z Anal Chem 316:669

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kallischnigg G, Müller J (1984) Fresenius Z Anal Chem 317:241

    Google Scholar 

  10. Smith R (1984) Talanta 31:537

    Google Scholar 

  11. Pszonicki L, Hanna AN, Suschny O (1984) IAEA/RL/112 Report on Intercomparison IAEA Soil-7. IAEA, Vienna

    Google Scholar 

  12. Lister B (1986) Anal Chim Acta 186:325

    Google Scholar 

  13. Davies PL (1988) Fresenius Z Anal Chem 331:513

    Google Scholar 

  14. Paule RC, Mandel J (1989) J Res NIST 94:197

    Google Scholar 

  15. Barnett V, Lewis T (1979) Outliers in statistical data. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  16. Doerffel K, Eckschlager K (1985) Optimum strategy of chemical analysis. SNTL, Prague (in Czech)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Johnson NL, Leone FC (1964), Statistics and experimental design in engineering and the physical sciences, vol. 1. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  18. Sachs L (1978), Applied statistics, A handbook of techniques, 5th ed. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  19. Grubbs FE (1969) Ann Math Stat 21:27

    Google Scholar 

  20. Shapiro SS, Wilk MB (1965) Biometrika 52:591

    Google Scholar 

  21. Griepink B, Colinet E, Gonska H, Muntau H (1984) BCR Information, Report EUR 9251 EN, Brussels, Luxembourg

  22. Likeš J, Laga J (1978) Basic statistical tables. SNTL, Prague (in Czech)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hartley HO (1962) In: Ralston A, Wilf H (eds) Mathematical methods for digital computers. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  24. Mader P, Kučera J, Cibulka P, Miholová D (1989) Chem Listy 83:765

    Google Scholar 

  25. Kučera J, Mader P, Miholová D, Cibulka J, Poláková M, Kordík D (1990) Fresenius J Anal Chem 338:66

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kučera J, Soukal L (1993) Fresenius J Anal Chem 345:193

    Google Scholar 

  27. Kučera J, Mader P, Miholová D, Cibulka J, Kordík D (1995) Fresenius J Anal Chem (in press)

  28. Šperlingová I, Dabrowská L, Kučera J, Tichý M (1995) Fresenius J Anal Chem (in press)

  29. Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (1992) ISO/TAG 4/WG 3, ISO, Geneve

    Google Scholar 

  30. Taylor BN, Kuyatt CE (1993) Guidelines for evaluating and expressing the uncertainty of NIST measurement results. NIST Technical Note 1297, Gaithersburg, MD

  31. Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurements (1994) EURACHEM Committee Draft, Version: 4, EURACHEM Workshop, September 5–6, Graz

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. J. Kučera & J. Faltejsek

    Present address: Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, 250 68, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neutron Activation Analysis Laboratory, Czech Environmental Institute, CZ-250 68, Řež near Prague, Czech Republic

    J. Kučera & J. Faltejsek

Authors
  1. J. Kučera
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. Faltejsek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kučera, J., Faltejsek, J. Interactive programme for evaluation of circular analyses (IPECA). Fresenius J Anal Chem 352, 80–86 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00322302

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00322302

Keywords

Search

Navigation