Abstract
The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) organization of primary hexaploid cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) triticale regenerants containing Triticum timopheevi cytoplasm was analysed by hybridization experiments and compared with the mitochondrial genome organization of the corresponding regenerants with maintainer cytoplasm. Callus cultures had been derived from immature embryos, and 623 triticale plants were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis after three to four subcultures. The chondriome of 159 regenerants was investigated with regard to somaclonal variation. Six different mitochondrial gene probes and four different restriction enzymes were used for Southern blot analyses by the non-radioactive digoxigenin labeling technique. Alloplasmic regenerants showed a gain or loss of hybridization signals up to a high percentage, while euplasmic ones revealed only minor variability with respect to band stoichiometries. In 24 cases rearrangements in the mtDNA were proved. We suppose that recombination processes and selective amplification events are responsible for these findings.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
André C, Levy A, Walbot V (1992) Small repeated sequences and the structure of plant mitochondrial genomes. Trends Genet 8:128–132
Bajaj Y (1990) Somaclonal variation — origin, induction, cryopres-ervation and implications in plant breeding. In: Bajaj Y (ed) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry Vol 11: somaclonal variation in crop improvement I. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 3–35
Ball SG (1990) Molecular basis of somaclonal variation. In: Bajaj Y (ed) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry Vol 11. somaclonal variation in crop improvement I. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 134–149
Bonen L (1987) The mitochondrial S13 ribosomal protein gene is silent in wheat embryos and seedlings. Nucleic Acids Res 24:10393–10404
Bonen L, Brown GG (1993) Genetic plasticity and its consequences: perspectives on gene organization and expression in plant mitochondria. Can J Bot 71:645–660
Breiman A (1987) Mitochondrial DNA diversity in the genera of Triticum and Aegilops revealed by Southern blot hybridization. Theor Appl Genet 73:563–570
Brettel RIS, Palotta MA, Gustafson JP, Appels R (1986) Variation at the Nor loci in triticale derived from tissue culture. Theor Appl Genet 71:637–643
Chowdhury MKU, Vasil V, Vasil IK (1994) Molecular analysis of plants regenerated from embryogenic cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 7:821–828
De Verno LL, Charest PJ, Bonen L (1994) Mitochondrial DNA variation in somatic embryogenic cultures of Larix. Theor Appl Genet 88:727–732
Dormann M (1992) Feld- und In-vitro-Untersuchungen zur Resistenz primärer Triticale gegenüber Fusarium graminearum und Microdochium nivale. PhD thesis, University of Hohenheim, Institute of Genetics, Hohenheim
Falconet D, Lejeune B, Quetier F, Gray MW (1984) Evidence for homologous recombination between repeated sequences containing 18S and 5S ribosomal RNA genes in wheat mitochondrial DNA. EMBO J 3:297–302
Hartmann C, De Buyser J, Henry Y, Falconet D, Lejeune B, Benslimane A, Quetier F, Rode A (1987) Time-course of mitochondrial genome variation in wheat embryogenic somatic tissue cultures. Plant Sci 53:191–198
Hartmann C, De Buyser J, Henry Y, Morère-Le Paven MC, Dyer TA, Rode A (1992) Nuclear genes control changes in the organization of the mitochondrial genome in tissue cultures derived from immature embryos of wheat. Curr Genet 21:515–520
Hartmann C, Recipon H, Jubier M, Valon C, Delcher-Besin E, Henry Y, De-Buyser J, Lejeune B, Rode A (1994) Mitochondrial DNA variability in a single wheat regenerant involves a rare recombination event across a short repeat. Curr Genet 25:456–464
Kemble RJ, Shepard JF (1984) Cytoplasmic DNA variation in a potato protoclonal population. Theor Appl Genet 69:211–216
Kück U, Laser B, Mohr S, Schulte-Kappert E, Oettler G, Pfeiffer-Schad B, Hesemann C-U, Weigel R, Pfeil U, Stierle M, Stoesser T, Van der Kuip H, Wolf M, Odenbach W (1995) CMS in wheat and triticale. In: Wricke G, Kück U (eds) Genetic mechanisms for hybrid breeding. Blackwell Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin, pp 19–36
Larkin P, Scowcroft W (1981) Somaclonal variation — a novel source of variability from cell culture for plant improvement. Theor Appl Genet 60:197–214
Laser B (1994) Wirkung des Weizen- und Roggengenoms auf die mitochondriale Genexpression bei Triticale. Dissert Botanicae 218, Cramer, Berlin-Stuttgart
Leaver CJ, Dawson AJ, Isaac P, Jones VP, Hack E (1989) Structure and expression of plant mitochondrial genes. In: Van Vloten-Doting L, Groot GSP, Hall TC (eds) Molecular form and function of the plant genome. Plenum Press, New York, pp 413–420
Mohmand AS, Nabors MW (1990) Somaclonal variant plants of wheat derived from mature embryo explants of three genotypes. Plant Cell Rep 8:558–560
Mohr S, Schulte-Kappert E, Odenbach W, Oettler G, Kück U (1993) Mitochondrial DNA of cytoplasmic male-sterile Triticum timo-pheevi: rearrangement of upstream sequences of the atp6 and orf25 genes. Theor Appl Genet 86:259–268
Morère-Le Paven MC, Henry Y, De Buyser J, Corre F, Hartmann C, Rode A (1992a) Organ/tissue-specific changes in the mitochondrial genome organization of in vitro cultures derived from different explants of a single wheat variety. Theor Appl Genet 85:1–8
Morère-Le Paven MC, De Buyser J, Henry Y, Corre F, Hartmann C, Rode A (1992b) Multiple patterns of mtDNA reorganization in plants regenerated from different in vitro cultured explants of a single wheat variety. Theor Appl Genet 85:9–14
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497
Nakamura C, Keller WA (1982) Callus proliferation and plant regeneration from immature embryos of hexaploid triticale. Z Pflanzenzuecht 88:137–160
Newton K (1988) Plant mitochondrial genomes: organization, expression and variation. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 39:503–532
Pfeil U, van der Kuip H, Hesemann C-U (1994) Non-radioactive organization and transcript analysis of ATPase subunit 6 gene region in the mitochondrial genome from fertile and sterile (CMS) forms of wheat and triticale. Theor Appl Genet 88:231–235
Quetier F, Lejeune B, Delorne S, Falconet D, Jubier MF, (1989) Molecular form and function of the wheat mitochondrial genome. In: Van Vloten-Doting L, Groot GSP, Hall TC (eds) Molecular form and function of the plant genome. Plenum Press, New York, pp 413–420
Rathburn H, Song J, Hedgcoth C (1993) Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in wheat are not associated with rear-rangements of mitochondrial DNA in the gene regions for cob, cox II or cox I. Plant Mol Biol 21:195–201
Rode A, Hartmann C, Falconet D, Lejeune B, Quetier F, Benslimane A, Henry Y, De Buyser J (1987) Extensive mitochondrial DNA variation in somatic tissue cultures initiated from wheat immature embryos. Curr Genet 12:369–376
Shirzadegan M, Palmer JD, Christey M, Earle ED (1991) Patterns of mitochondrial DNA instability in Brassica campestris cultured cells. Plant Mol Biol 16:21–37
Sibi M (1981) Genetic bases of variation from in vitro tissue culture. In: Bajaj Y (ed) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry vol 11: somaclonal variation in crop improvement I. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 112–129
Song J, Hedgcoth C (1993) Influence of nuclear background on transcription of a chimeric gene (orf256) and cox I in fertile and cytoplasmic male sterile wheats. Genome 37:203–209
Stolarz A, Lörz H (1986) Somatic embryogenesis, in vitro multiplication and plant regeneration from immature embryo explants of hexaploid triticale. Z Pflanzenzuecht 96:353–362
Wilson JA, Ross WM (1962) Male sterility interaction of Triticum timopheevi nucleolus and Triticum timopheevi cytoplasm. Wheat Inf Serv 14:29–30
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by H. F. Linskens
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Weigel, R., Wolf, M. & Hesemann, C.U. Mitochondrial DMA variation in plants regenerated from embryogenic callus cultures of CMS triticale. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 91, 1237–1241 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00220934
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00220934