Abstract
The oxidation behavior of a Ni3Al powder-metallurgical (PM) alloy doped with boron was investigated by means of discontinuous isothermal tests in the temperature range of 535° to 1020°C for exposures of up to 150 hr. The oxidation kinetics were characterized by a sharp decrease in the oxidation rate at about 730°C which is associated with a change in the oxidation mechanism. Below 730°C, the scale exhibited an outer NiO layer and an internal-oxidation zone consisting of a fine dispersion of alumina in a diluted Ni-Al solid solution. Between these two layers a very thin layer of nickel could be observed. Above 730°C, a three-layered scale was observed consisting of an outer NiO layer, an intermediate layer that depending on temperature consisted of a mixture of nickel and aluminum oxides or NiAl2O4, and an inner layer of Al2O3, which accounts for the higher oxidation resistance. Oxidation at the higher temperatures resulted in extensive void formation at the scale/metal interface which led to poorly adherent scales. It is worth noting that at the early oxidation stage the scale was characterized by planar interfaces. Roughening of the air/scale and, specially, the scale/metal interfaces after long exposures at the low-temperature range or after short times at higher temperatures could be related to the formation of the inner Al2O3 layer at the grain boundaries which favor oxygen penetration through the grain interior.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
F. S. Pettit,Trans. TMS-ATME 239, 1296 (1967).
J. D. Kuenzly and D. L. Douglass,Oxid. Met. 8, 139 (1974).
S. Taniguchi, T. Shibata, and I. Tsuruoka,Oxid. Met. 26, 1 (1986).
S. Taniguchi and T. Shibata,Oxid. Met. 25, 201 (1986).
S. Taniguchi and T. Shibata,Oxid. Met. 28, 155 (1987).
K. Natesan,Oxid. Met. 30, 53 (1988).
J. Doychak and M. Rühle,Oxid. Met. 31, 431 (1989).
O. Forsen, M. Kaskiala, M. H. Tikkanen, and M. Tavi,Werkst. Korros. 41, 692 (1990).
M. Krasovec, J. Jedlinski, and G. Borchardt,Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Advanced Materials and Processes EUROMAT 91 vol 2, eds. T. W. Clyne and P. J. Withers. The Institute of Materials, p. 401 (1991).
Y. C. Pan, T. H. Chuang, and Y. D. Yao,J. Mater. Sci. 26, 6097 (1991).
E. Schumann, G. Schnotz, K. P. Trumble, and M. Rühle,Acta Metall. Mater. 40, 1311 (1992).
B. A. Pint, A. J. Garrat-Reed, and L. W. Hobbs, Microscopy of Oxidation 2, eds. S. B. Newcomb and M. J. Bennett. The Institute of Materials, 423 (1993).
E. Schumann and M. Rühle,Acta Metall. Mater. 42, 1481 (1994).
H. C. Yi, W. W. Smeltzer, and A. Petric,Oxid. Met. 45, 281 (1996).
S. C. Choi, H. J. Cho, Y.J. Kim, and D. B. Lee,Oxid. Met. 46, 51 (1996).
S. C. Choi, H. J. Cho, and D. B. Lee,Oxid. Met. 46, 109 (1996).
R. J. Christensen, D. M. Lipkin, and D. R. Clarke,Acta Metall. Mater. 44, 3813 (1996).
G. C. Wood and B. Chattopadhyay.Corros. Sci. 10, 471 (1970).
J. A. Horton, J. V. Cathcart, and C. T. Liu,Oxid. Met. 29, 347 (1988).
A. M. Venezia and C. M. Loxton,Surface Sci. 194, 136 (1988).
J. H. DeVan and C. A. Hippsley,Oxidation of High-Temperature Intermetallics, eds. T. Grobstein and J. Doychack. The Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society, p. 31 (1989).
C. A. Hippsley, M. Strangwood, and J. H. DeVan,Acta Metall. Mater. 38, 2393 (1990).
J. H. DeVan, J. A. Desport, and H. E. Bishop,Microscopy of Oxidation, eds M. J. Bennett and G. W. Lorimer. The Institute of Metals, p. 169 (1991).
R. T. Haasch, A. M. Venezia, and C. M. Loxton,J. Mater. Res. 7, 1341 (1992).
P. Pérez, J. L. González-Carrasco, G. Caruana, M. Lieblich, and P. Adeva,Mater. Charact. 33, 349 (1994).
D. L. Douglass,Corros. Sci. 8, 665 (1968).
M. Bobeth, W. Pompe, E. Schumann, and M. Rühle,Acta Metall. Mater. 40, 2669 (1992).
S. Guruswamy, S. M. Park, J. P. Hirth, and R. A. Rapp,Oxid. Met. 26, 77 (1986).
D. L. Douglass, Baizhao Zhu, and F. Gesmundo,Oxid. Met. 38, 365 (1992).
E. J. Felten and F. S. Pettit,Oxid. Met. 10, 189 (1976).
N. S. McIntyre, T. C. Chan, and C. Chen,Oxid. Met. 33, 457 (1990).
R. P. Rubly and D. L. Douglass,High-Temperature Corrosion of Advanced Materials and Protective Coatings, eds Y. Saito, B. Onay, and T. Maruyana, (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1992), p. 133.
D. L. Douglass,Oxid. Met. 44, 81 (1995).
H. Schenck, E. Schmidtman, and H. Müller,Arch. Eisenhuttemv 31, 121 (1960).
C. Wagner,J. Electrochem. Soc. 103, 571 (1956).
D. P. Whittle, D. J. Young, and W. W. Smeltzer,J. Electrochem. Soc. 123, 1073 (1976).
M. Bobeth, W. Pompe, M. Rockstroh, and E. Schumann,Acta Metall. Mater. 42, 579 (1994).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pérez, P., González-Carrasco, J.L. & Adeva, P. Oxidation behavior of a Ni3Al PM alloy. Oxid Met 48, 143–170 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01675266
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01675266