Abstract
The nonlinear integro-differential equation, obtained from the coupled Maxwell-Dirac equations by eliminating the potential Aμ, is solved by iteration rather than perturbation. The energy shift is complex, the imaginary part giving the spontaneous emission. Both self-energy and vacuum polarization terms are obtained. All results, including renormalization terms, are finite.
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Barut, A.O., Kraus, J. Nonperturbative quantum electrodynamics: The Lamb shift. Found Phys 13, 189–194 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01889480
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01889480