Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Site preparation alters biomass, root and ectomycorrhizal development of outplanted western white pine and Douglas-fir

  • Published:
New Forests Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This report documents impacts from manipulations of native forest soils and competing vegetation on development and ectomycorrhizal formation of outplanted western white pine and Douglas-fir in the Inland Northwest. Treatments were: 1) mounding surface horizons with competition left in place, 2) mounding surface horizons with subsequent physical or chemical control of competing vegetation, 3) scalping for control of competing vegetation, and 4) a control, or no postharvest disturbance. Treatments were applied on a low-altitude, relatively harsh site and on a higher altitude, more moderate site. Wich established seedlings, mounding with no competition control generally produced small seedlings (5–15g; both species) with low numbers of ectomycorrhizal short roots (21). Mounding with competition control produced large seedlings (20–48g) with moderate numbers of short roots (25). Scalping produced small seedlings (8–16g) with high numbers of short roots (41). The control also produced small seedlings (8–13g) but with a moderate number of short roots (27). Douglas-fir produced more short roots on the harsh than the moderate site. Western white pine produced high root to shoot ratios (above 0.60) in the mound with competition on the harsh site. Douglas-fir produced very high root to shoot ratios (above 1.0) in both the mound with no competition of the harsh site and in the mound with competition of the moderate site. Throughout, western white pine produced more ectomycorrhizae more rapidly than Douglas-fir. Ectomycorrhizal development and root and shoot weight of both conifers were adversely affected by competing vegetation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alvarez, I. F., Rowney, D. L. and Cobb, F. W.Jr. 1979. Mycorrhizae and growth of white fir seedlings in mineral soil with and without organic layers in a California forest. Can. J. For. Res. 9: 311–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amaranthus, M. P. and Perry, D. A. 1987. The effect of soil transfer on ectomycorrhiza formation and the survival and growth of conifer seedlings on old, nonreforested clearcuts. Can. J. For. Res. 17: 944–950.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amaranthus, M. P. 1991. Factors affecting ectomycorrhizae and forest regeneration following disturbance in the Pacific Northwest. pp. 205–208. In: Proceedings — Management and Productivity of Western-Montane Forest Soils. USDA Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Sta., Ogden, Utah. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-280. 254 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, S. V., Neiman, K. E. and Roberts, D. W. 1991. Forest Habitat Types of Northern Idaho: A Second Approximation. USDA Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Sta., Ogden, Utah. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-236. 143 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finklin, A. 1983. Climate of Priest River Experimental Forest, Northern Idaho. USDA Forest Serv., Intermountain Forest and Range Exp. Sta., Ogden, Utah. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-159. 53 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Froehlich, H. A. 1979. Soil compaction from logging equipment: effects on growth of young ponderosa pine. J. Soil and Water Conserv. 34: 276–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, R. T., Harvey, A. E. and Jurgensen, M. F. 1989. Effect of site preparation on survival and growth of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco.) seedlings. New For. 3: 89–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutzwiler, J. R. 1976. Mechanical site preparation for tree planting in the Inland Northwest. pp. 117–132. In: Proceedings, Tree Planting in the Inland Northwest. Pullman, WA: Washington State Univ. Ext. Serv., Pullman, Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, A. E., Larsen, M. J. and Jurgensen, M. F. 1976. Distribution of ectomycorrhizae in a mature Douglas-fir/larch forest soil in western Montana. For. Sci. 22: 393–398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, A. E., Larsen, M. J. and Jurgensen, M. F. 1979. Comparative distribution of ectomycorrhizae in soils of three western Montana forest habitat types. For. Sci. 25: 350–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, A. E., Jurgensen, M. F., Larsen, M. J. and Schlieter, J. A. 1986. Distribution of active ectomycorrhizal short roots in forest soils of the Inland Northwest: effects of site and disturbance. USDA Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Sta., Ogden, Utah. Res. Pap. INT-374. 8 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, A. E., Jurgensen, M. F., Larsen, M. J. and Graham, R. T. 1987. Relationships among soil microsite, ectomycorrhizae, and natural conifer regeneration of old-growth forests in western Montana. Can. J. For. Res. 17: 58–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, A. E., Jurgensen, M. F. and Graham, R. T. 1988. The role of woody residues in soils of ponderosa pine forests. pp. 141–148. In: Ponderosa Pine, the Species and its Management, Symposium Proceedings. Washington State Univ. Exten. Serv., Pullman, Washington. 281 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jurgensen, M. F., Harvey, A. E., Graham, R. T., Larsen, M. J., Tonn, J. R., Page-Dumroese, D. S. 1990. Soil organic matter, timber harvesting and forest productivity in the Inland Northwest. pp. 392–415. In: Gessel, S. P., Lacate, D. S., Weetman, G. F. and Powers, R. F. (Eds) Sustained Productivity of Forest Soils: Proceedings of the Seventh North American Forest Soils Conference. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 525 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krop, B. R., Castellano, M. A. and Trappe, J. M. 1985. Performance of outplanted western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla [Raf.] Sarg.) seedlings inoculated with Cenococcum geophilum. Tree Plant. Notes, 36: 13–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krop, B. R. and Langlois, C. G. 1990. Ectomycorrhizae in reforestation. Can. J. For. Res. 20: 438–451.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAfee, B. J. and Fortin, J. A. 1989. Ectomycorrhizal colonization on black spruce and jack pine seedlings outplanted in reforestation sites. Plant and Soil 116: 9–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Minore, D. and Weatherly, H. G. 1990. Effects of site preparation on Douglas-fir seedling growth and survival. West. J. Appl. For. 5: 49–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Molina, R. 1982. Use of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria laccata in forestry. I. Consistency between isolates and effective colonization of containerized conifer seedlings. Can. J. For. Res. 12: 469–473.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page-Dumroese, D. S., Jurgensen, M. F., Graham, R. T. and Harvey, A. E. 1986. Soil physical properties of raised planting beds in a northern Idaho forest. USDA Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Sta., Ogden, Utah. Res. Pap. INT-360. 6 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page-Dumroese, D. S., Jurgensen, M. F., Graham, R. T. and Harvey, A. E. 1989. Soil chemical properties of raised planting beds in a northern Idaho forest. USDA Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Sta., Ogden, Utah. Res. Pap. INT-419. 7 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page-Dumroese, D. S., Harvey, A. E., Jurgensen, M. F. and Graham, R. T. 1991. Organic matter function in the western-montane forest soil system. pp. 95–100. In: Proceedings — Management and Productivity of Western-Montane Forest Soils. USDA Forest Serv., Intermountain Res. Sta., Ogden, Utah. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-280. 254 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parke, J. L., Linderman, R. G. and Trappe, J. M. 1983. Effects of forest litter on mycorrhizae development and growth of Douglas-fir and western redcedar seedlings. Can. J. For. Res. 13: 666–671.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry, D. A., Meyer, M. M., Egeland, D., Rose, S. L., and Pilz, D. 1982. Seedling growth and mycorrhizal formation in clearcut and adjacent, undisturbed soils in Montana: a greenhouse bioassay. For. Ecol. Manage. 4: 261–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry, D. A., Molina, R. and Amaranthus, M. P. 1987. Mycorrhizae, mycorrhizospheres, and reforestation: current knowledge and research needs. Can. J. For. Res. 17: 929–940.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rehfeldt, G. E. 1979. Ecological adaptations in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) populations. I. North Idaho and northeastern Washington. Heredity 43: 383–397.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rehfeldt, G. E., Hoff, R. J. and Steinhoff, R. J. 1981. Geographic patterns of genetic variation in Pinus monticola. Botanical Gazette 145: 229–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, C. G.III, Sidle, R. C. and Harris, A. S. 1987. Evaluation of planting sites common to a southeast Alaska clear-cut. III. Effects of microsite type and ectomycorrhizal inoculation on growth and survival of Sitka spruce seedlings. Can. J. For. Res. 17: 334–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sidle, R. C. and Shaw, C. G.III. 1987. Evaluation of planting sites common to a southeast Alaska clear-cut. IV. Nutrient levels in ectomycorrhizal Sitka spruce seedlings. Can. J. For. Res. 17: 340–345.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele, R. D. and Torrie, J. H. 1960. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw-Hill, New York. 481 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutton, R. F. 1993. Mounding site preparation: a review of European and North American experience. New Forests 7: 151–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tayler, G. 1985. Macrofungal flora of Swedish beech forests related to soil organic matter and acidity characteristics. For. Ecol. Manage. 10: 13–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trappe, J. M. and Strand, F. R. 1969. Mycorrhizal deficiency in a Douglas-fir region nursery. For. Sci. 15: 381–389.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tukey, J. W. 1949. Comparing individual means in the analysis of variance. Biometrics. 5: 99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vare, H. 1988. The mycorrhizal condition of weakened Scots pine saplings grown on ploughed sites in northern Finland. Can. J. For. Res. 19: 341–346.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Intermountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1221 South Main Street, 83843, Moscow, ID

    Alan E. Harvey, Deborah S. Page-Dumroese, Russell T. Graham & Jonalea R. Tonn

  2. School of Forestry and Wood Products, Michigan Technological University, 49931, Houghton, MI

    Martin F. Jurgensen

Authors
  1. Alan E. Harvey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Deborah S. Page-Dumroese
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Martin F. Jurgensen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Russell T. Graham
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jonalea R. Tonn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Harvey, A.E., Page-Dumroese, D.S., Jurgensen, M.F. et al. Site preparation alters biomass, root and ectomycorrhizal development of outplanted western white pine and Douglas-fir. New Forest 11, 255–270 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00036785

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00036785

Key words

Search

Navigation