Abstract
Boundary layers occurring in the magnetosphere can support a wide spectrumof plasma waves spanning a frequency range of a few mHz to tens of kHz andbeyond. This review describes the main characteristics of the broadband plasma waves observed in the Earth's low-latitude magnetopause boundary layer (LLBL), in the polar cap boundary layer (PCBL), and the possible generation mechanisms. The broadband waves at the low-latitude boundary layer are sufficiently intense to cause the diffusion of the magnetosheath plasma across the closed magnetospheric field lines at a rate rapid enough to populate and maintain the boundary layer itself. The rapid pitch angle scattering of energetic particles via cyclotron resonant interactionswith the waves can provide sufficient precipitation energy flux to the ionosphere to create the dayside aurora. In general, the broadband plasma waves may play an important part in the processes of local heating/acceleration of the boundary layer plasma.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akasofu, S.-I., Hones, Jr., E.W., Bame, S.J., Asbridge, J.R., and Lui, A.T.Y.: 1973, 'Magnetotail and boundary layer plasma at geocentric distance of 18R E: Vela 5 and 6 observations', J. Geophys. Res. 78, 7257.
Akimoto, K. and Omidi, N.: 1986, 'The generation of broadband electrostatic noise by an ion beam in the magnetotail', Geophys. Res. Lett. 13, 97.
Anderson, B.J.: 1995, 'ULF signals observed near the magnetopause in Physics of the magnetopause', in P. Song, B.U.O. Sonnerup, and M.F. Thomsen, (eds.), Physics of the Magnetopause, AGU Monograph 90, AGU, Washington, D.C., p. 269.
Anderson, K.A., Binsack, J.H., and Fairfield, D.H.: 1968, 'Hydromagnetic disturbances of 3 to 15 minute period on the magnetopause and their relation to Bow Shock Spikes', J. Geophys. Res. 73, 2371.
Anderson, R.R., Harvey, C.C., Hoppe, M.M., Tsurutani, B.T.: 1968, Eastman, T.E., and Etcheto, J.: 1982, 'Plasma waves near the magnetopause', J. Geophys. Res. 87, 2087.
Ashour-Abdalla, M. and Kennel, C.F.: 1978, 'Nonconvective and convective electron cyclotron harmonic instabilities', J. Geophys. Res. 83, 1531.
Ashour-Abdalla, M. and Thorne, R.M.: 1977, 'The importance of electrostatic ion cyclotron instability for quiet-time proton auroral precipitation', Geophys. Res. Lett. 4, 45.
Ashour-Abdalla, M. and Thorne, R.M.: 1978, 'Towards a unified view of diffuse auroral precipitation', J. Geophys. Res. 83, 4775.
Aubry, M.P., Kivelson, M.G., and Russell, C.T., 'Motion and structure of the Magnetopause', J. Geophys. Res. 76, 1673.
Axford, W.I. and Hines, C.O.: 1961, 'A unifying theory of high-latitude geophysical phenomena and geomagnetic storms', Can. J. Phys. 39, 1433.
Axford, W.I.: 1964, 'Viscous interaction between the solar wind and the earth's magnetosphere', Planet. Space Sci. 13, 45.
Bahnsen, A.: 1978, 'Recent techniques of observations and results from the magnetopause regions', J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 40, 235.
Baumjohann, W. and Paschmann, G.: 1987, 'Solar wind magnetosphere coupling, processes and observations', Physica Scripta T18, 61.
Belmont, G., Rebeau, F. and Rezeau, L.: 1995, 'Resonant amplification of magnetosheath MHD fluctuations at the magnetopause', Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 295.
Bohm, D.: 1949, 'Quantitative description of the arc plasma in the magnetic field, in A. Guthrie and R. Walkerling (eds.), Characteristics of Electrical Discharges in Magnetic Fields, p. 1, McGraw Hill, New York.
Catto, P.J., Rosenbluth, M.N., and Liu, C.S.: 1973, 'Parallel velocity shear instabilities in an inhomogeneous plasma with a sheared magnetic field', Phys. Fluids 16, 1719.
Cattel, C.A., Mozer, F.S., Anderson, R.R., Hones, Jr., E.W., and Sharp, R.D.:1986, 'ISEE observations of the plasma sheet boundary, plasma sheet, and neutral sheet, 2, waves', J. Geophys. Res. 91, 5681.
Cattell, C., Wygant, J., Mozer, F.S., Okada, T., Tsuruda, K., Kokubun, S., and Yamamoto, T.: 1995, 'ISEE 1 and Geotail observations of low-frequency waves at the magnetopause', J. Geophys. Res. 100, 11823.
Chandrasekhar, S.:1961, Hydrodynamic and Hydromagnetic Stability, Clarendon, Oxford.
Chmyrev, V.M., Bilichenko, S.V., Pokhotelov, O.A., Marchenko, V.A., Lazarev, V.I. Streltsov, A.V., and Stenflo, L., Alfvén vortices and related phenomena in the ionosphere and the magnetosphere', Phys. Scr. 38, 841.
Cummings, W.D. and Coleman, P.J., Jr.: 1968, 'Magnetic fields in the magnetopause and vicinity at synchronous altitude', J. Geophys. Res. 73, 5699.
D'Angelo, N.: 1965, 'Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in a fully ionized plasma in a magnetic field', Phys. Fluids 8, 1748.
D'Angelo, N.: 1973, 'Ultra low-frequency fluctuations at the polar cusp: A review', Rev. Geophys. 15, 299.
Davidson, R.C.: 1978, 'Quasilinear stabilization of lower-hybrid drift instability', Phys. Fluids 21, 1375.
Drake, J.F.: 1995, 'Magnetic reconnection, a kinetic treatment', in Physics of the Magnetopause, Geophys. Mon. 90, Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington, DC, p. 155.
Drake, J.F., Gerber, J., and Kleva, R.G.: 1994a, 'Turbulence and transport in the magnetopause current layer', J. Geophys. Res. 99, 11211.
Drake, J.F., Kleva, R.G., and Mandt, M.E.: 1994b, 'Structure of thin current layers: Implications for magnetic reconnection', Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1251.
Dubouloz, N., Pottelette, R., Malingre, M., Holingren, G., and Lindqvist, P.A.: 1991, 'Detailed analysis of broadband electrostatic noise in the dayside auroral zone', J. Geophys. Res. 96, 3565.
Dum, C.T.: 1989, 'Transition in the dispersive properties of beam-plasma and two-stream instabilities', J. Geophys. Res. 94, 2429.
Dum, C.T., and Dupree, T.H.: 1970, 'Nonlinear stabilization of high-frequency instabilities', Phys. Fluids 13, 2064.
Eastman, T.E., Hones, Jr., E.W., Bame, S.J., and Asbridge, J. R.: 1976, 'The magnetospheric boundary layer: Site of plasma, momentum and energy transfer, from the magnetosheath into magnetosphere', Geophys. Res. Lett. 3, 685.
Ergun, R.: 1998, 'FAST satellite observations of large amplitude solitary structures', Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 2041.
Eviatar, A. and Wolf, R.A.: 1968, 'Transfer processes in the magnetopause', J. Geophys. Res. 73, 5561.
Fairfield, D.H.: 1976, 'Magnetic fields of the magnetosheath', Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 14, 117.
Franz, J.R., Kintner, P.M., and Pickett, J.S.:1998, 'Polar observations of coherent electric field structures', Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 1277.
Ganguli, G., Keskinen, M.J., Romero, H., Heelis, R., Moore, T., and Pollock, C.: 1994, 'Coupling of microprocesses and macroprocesses due to velocity shear: An application to the low-altitude ionosphere', J. Geophys. Res. 99, 8873.
Gary, S.P. and Eastman, T.E.: 1979, 'The lower hybrid drift instability at the magnetopause', J. Geophys. Res. 84, 7378.
Gary, S.P. and Sgro, A.G.: 1990, 'The lower hybrid drift instability at the magnetopause', J. Geophys. Res. 17, 909.
Gary, S.P., Smith, C.W., Lee, M.A., Goldstein, M.L., and Forslundd D.W.: 1984, 'Electromagnetic ion beam instabilities', Phys. Fluids 27,1852. (Erratum, Phys. Fluids 28, 438, 1985).
Gendrin, R.: 1979, 'Magnetic turbulence and diffusion processes in the magnetopause boundary layer', J. Geophys. Res. 84, 7043.
Gendrin, R.: 1983, 'Magnetic turbulence and diffusion processes in the magnetopause boundary layer', Geophys. Res. Lett. 10, 769.
Gurnett, D.A., Frank, L.A., and Lepping, R.P.: 1976, 'Plasma waves in the distant magnetotail', J. Geophys. Res. 81, 6059.
Gurnett, D.A. and Frank, L.A.: 1977, 'A region of intense plasma wave turbulence on auroral field lines', J. Geophys. Res. 82, 1031.
Gurnett, D.A., and Frank, L.A.: 1978, 'Plasma waves in the polar cusp: Observations from Hawkeye 1', J. Geophys. Res. 82, 1447.
Gurnett, D.A., Anderson, R.R., Tsurutani, B.T., Smith, E.J., Paschmann, G., Haerendel, G., Bame, S.J., and Russell, C.T.: 1979, 'Plasma wave instabilities at the magnetopause: Observations from ISEE 1 and 2', J. Geophys. Res. 84, 7043.
Gurnett, D.A., Huff, R.L., Menietti, J.D., Burch, J.L., Winningham, J.D., and Shawhan, S.D.: 1984, 'Correlated low-frequency electric and magnetic noise along the auroral field lines', J. Geophys. Res. 89, 897.
Gurnett, D.A. et al.: 1995, 'The Polar plasma wave instrument', Space Sci. Rev. 71, 597.
Gonzalez, W.D., Tsurutani, B.T., Gonzalez, A.L.C., Smith, E.J., Tang, F., and Akasofu, S.-I.: 1989, 'Solar wind magnetosphere coupling during intense magnetic storms (1978–1979)', J. Geophys. Res. 94, 8835.
Haerendel, G. and Paschmann, G.: 1982, 'Interaction of the solar wind with the dayside magnetosphere', in A. Nishida (ed.), Magnetospheric Plasma Physics, Center for Academic Publications Japan, Tokyo.
Haerendel, G., Paschmann, G., Sckopke, N, Rosenbauer, H., and Hedgecock, P. C.: 1978, 'The frontside boundary layer of the magnetopause and the problem of reconnection', J. Geophys. Res. 83, 3195.
Ho, C.M., Tsurutani, B.T., Gurnett, D.A., Pickett, J.S.: 1997, 'Wideband plasma waves in the polar cap boundary layer: Polar observations, Proceedings of Third SOLTIP Symposium, Beijing, in press.
Holzer, R.E., Mcleod, M.G., and Smith, E.J.: 1966, 'Preliminary results from the Ogo 1 search coil magnetometer: Boundary positions and magnetic noise spectra', J. Geophys. Res. 71, 1481.
Hones, E.W., Jr., Asbridge, J. R., Bame, S. J., Montgomery, M.D., Singer, S., and Akasofu, S.-I.: 1972, 'Measurements of the magnetotail plasma flow made by VELA-4B', J. Geophys. Res. 77, 5503.
Huba, J.D.: 1981, 'The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in inhomogeneous plasma', J. Geophys. Res. 86, 3653.
Huba, J.D., Gladd, N.T., and Drake, J.F.: 1981, 'On the role of the lower hybrid drift instability in substorm dynamics', J. Geophys. Res. 86, 5881.
Ichimaru, S.: 1973, Basic Principles of Plasma Physics, W. A. Benjamin, New York.
Johnson, J.R. and Cheng, C.Z.: 1997, Global structure of mirror modes in the magnetosheath', J. Geophys. Res. 102, 7179.
Kennel, C.F. and Ashour-Abdalla, M.: 1982, 'Electrostatic Waves and the Strong Diffusion of Magnetospheric Electrons, in A. Nishida (ed.), Magnetospheric Plasma Physics, Center for Academic Publications Japan, Tokyo, p. 245.
Kennel, C.F., and Petschek, H.E.: 1966, 'Limit on stably trapped particle fluxes', J. Geophys. Res. 71, 1.
Kindel, J.M. and Kennel, C.F.: 1971, 'Topside current instabilities', J. Geophys. Res. 76, 3055.
Kojima, H., Matsumoto, H., Chikuba, S., Horiyama, S., Ashour-Abdalla, M., and Anderson, R.R.: 1997, 'Geotail waveform observations of broadband/narrowband electrostatic noise in the distant tail', J. Geophys. Res. 102, 14439.
LaBelle, J., and Treumann, R.A.: 1988, 'Plasma waves at the dayside magnetopause', Space Sci. Revs. 47, 175.
Lakhina, G.S.: 1987, 'Low-frequency electrostatic noise due to velocity shear instabilities in the regions of magnetospheric flow boundaries', J Geophys. Res. 92, 12161.
Lakhina, G.S.: 1993, 'Generation of low-frequency electric field fluctuations on auroral field lines', Annales Geophysicae 64, 660.
Lakhina, G.S.: 1994, 'Linear macroscopic instabilities in space plasmas', Phys. Scripta T50, 114.
Lakhina, G. S. and Sen, A.: 1973, 'Electromagnetic and rB effects on the modified two stream instability, Nucl. Fusion 13, 913.
Lakhina, G.S. and Schindler, K.: 1996, 'Tearing modes at the magntopause', J. Geophys. Res. 101, 2707.
Lakhina, G.S., Shukla, P.K., and Stenflo, L.: 1993, 'Ultra-low-frequency fluctuations at the magnetopause', Geophys. Res. Lett. 20, 2419.
Lakhina, G.S., and Tsurutani, B.T.: 1999, 'A generation mechanism for the polar cap boundary layer broadband plasma waves', J. Geophys. Res. 104, 279.
Lakhina, G.S. Tsurutani B.T., Arballo, J.K., Ho, C.M., and Boonsiriseth, A.: 1997, 'Generation of broadband plasma waves in the polar cap boundary layer', EOS, Trans. AGU 78, S297.
Lundin, R.: 1987, 'Processes in the magnetospheric boundary layer', Physica Scripta 18, 85, 1987.
Matsumoto, H., Kojima, H., Miyatake, T., Omura, Y., Okada, M., and Tsutsui: 1994, 'Electrostatic solitary waves (ESW) in the magnetotail-BEN BEN wave forms observed by GEOTAIL', Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 2915.
McBride, J.B., E. Ott, E.,. Boris, J.P., and Orens, J.H.: 1972, 'Theory and simulation of turbulent heating by the modified two-stream instability', Phys. Fluids 15, 2367.
Miura, A.: 1987, 'Simulation of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the magnetospheric boundary', J. Geophys. Res. 92, 3195.
Mozer, F.S., Ergun, R., Temerin, M., Cattell, C., Dombeck, J., and Wygant, J.: 1997, 'New features of time domain electric-field structures in the auroral acceleration region', Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1281.
Neugebauer, M., Russell, C.T., and Smith, E.J.: 1974, 'Observations of the internal structure of the magnetopause', J. Geophys. Res. 79, 499.
Omura, Y., Matsumoto, H., Miyake, T., and Kojima, H.: 1996, 'Electron beam instabilities as generation mechanism of electrostatic solitary waves in the magnetotail', J. Geophys. Res. 101, 2685.
Papadopoulos, K.: 1979, 'The role of microturbulence on collisionless reconnection, in S.I. Akasofu (ed.), Dynamics in the Magnetosphere, D. Reidel Publishing. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, p. 289.
Pickett, J.S., Anderson, R.R., Frank, L.A. Gurnett, D.A., Paterson, W.R., Scudder, J.D., Sigworth, J.B., Tsurutani, B.T., Ho, C.M., Lakhina, G.S., Peterson, W.K., Shelley, E.G., Russell, C.T., Parks, G.K., Brittnacher, M.J., Matsumoto, H., Hashimoto, K., Nagano, I., Kokubun, S., and Yamamoto, T.: 1997, II. 'Correlative magnetopause boundary layer observations', EOS 78, S291.
Pottelette, R., Malingre, M., Dubouloz, N., Aparicio, B., Lundin, R., Holmgren, G., and Marklund, G.: 1990, 'High-frequency waves in the cusp/cleft regions', J. Geophys. Res. 95, 5957.
Revathy, P. and Lakhina, G.S.: 1977, 'Ion and electron heating in the Earth's bow shock', J. Plasma Phys. 17, 133.
Rezeau, L., Morane, A., Perraut, S., Roux, A., and Schmidt, R.: 1989, 'Characterization of Alfvénic fluctuations in the magnetopause boundary layer', J. Geophys. Res. 94, 101.
Rezeau, L., Perraut, S., and Roux, A.: 1986, 'Electromagnetic fluctuations in the vicinity of the magnetopause', Geophys. Res. Lett. 13, 1093.
Rome, J.A. and Briggs, R., 1972, 'Stability of sheared electron flow' Phys. Fluids 15, 796.
Rönnmark, K., Borg, H., Christiansen, P.J., Gough, M.P., and Jones, D.: 1978, 'Banded electron cyclotron harmonic instability — A first comparison of theory and experiment', Space Sci. Rev. 22, 401.
Rosenbauer, H., Grunwaldt, H., Montgomery, M.D., Paschmann, G., and Sckopke. N.: 1975, 'HEOS 2 plasma observations in the distant polar magnetosphere: The Plasma Mantle', J. Geophys. Res. 80, 2723.
Russell, C.T., Snare, R.C., Means, J.D., Pierce, D. Dearborn, D., Larson, M., Barr, G., and Le, G.: 1995, 'The GGS/POLAR magnetic fields investigation', Space Sci. Revs. 71, 563.
Scarf, F.L., Fredricks, R.W., Green, I.M., and Russell, C.T.: 1972, 'Plasma waves in the dayside polar cusp', J. Geophys. Res. 77, 2274.
Sckopke, N.G., Paschmann, G., Harendel, G., Sonnerup, B.U.O., Bame, S.J., Forbes, T.G., Hones, Jr., E.W., and Russell, C.T.: 1981, 'Structure of the low-latitude boundary layer', J. Geophys. Res. 86, 2099.
Shelley, E.G. et al.: 1995, 'The toroidal imaging mass-angle spectrograph (TIMAS) for the Polar Mission', Space Sci. Rev. 71, 497.
Smith, E.J. and Davis, L.: 1970, 'Magnetic measurements in the Earth's magnetopause and magnetosheath: Mariner 5', J. Geophys. Res. 75, 1233.
Song, P., Zhu, J., Russell, C.T., Anderson, R.R., Gurnett, D.A., Ogilvie, K.W., and Strangeway, R.J.: 1998, 'Properties of ELF emission in the dayside magnetopause', J. Geophys. Res. 103, 26495.
Sonnerup, B.U.O.: 1980, 'Theory of the low latitude boundary layer', J. Geophys. Res. 85, 2017.
Swift, D.F.: 1977, 'Turbulent generation of electrostatic fields in the magnetosphere', J. Geophys. Res. 82, 5143.
Thorne, R.M. and Tsurutani, B.T.: 1991, 'Wave-particle interactions in the magnetopause boundary layer, in T. Chang et al. (ed.), Physics of Space Plasmas (1990), Sci. Publ. Inc., Cambridge, MA, 10, 119.
Treumann, R.A.: 1997, 'Theory of super-diffusion for the magnetopause', Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 1727.
Treumann, R.A., LaBelle, J., and Bauer, T.M.: 1995, 'Diffusion processes: An observational perspective', in Physics of the Magnetopause, Geophys. Mon. 90, Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington, DC, 331.
Treumann, R.A., LaBelle, J., and Pottelette, R.: 1991, 'Plasma diffusion at the magnetopause, The case of lower hybrid drift waves', J. Geophys. Res. 96, 16009.
Tsurutani, B.T., Brinca, A.L., Smith, E.J., Okida, R.T., Anderson, R.R., and Eastman, T.E.: 1989, 'A statistical study of ELF-VLF plasma waves at the magnetopause', J. Geophys. Res. 94, 1270.
Tsurutani, B.T. and Gonzalez, W.D.: 1995, 'The efficiency of “viscous interaction” between the solar wind and the magnetosphere during intense northward IMF events', Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 663.
Tsurutani, B.T. and Lakhina, G.S.: 1997, 'Some basic Concepts of wave-particle interaction in collisionless plasmas', Rev. Geophys. 35, 491.
Tsurutani, B.T., Lakhina, G.S., Ho, C.M., Arballo, J.K., Galvan, C., Boonsiriseth, A., Pickett, J.S., Gurnett, D.A., Peterson, W.K., and Thorne, R.M.: 1998, 'Broadband plasma waves observed in the polar cap boundary layer (PCBL): Polar', J. Geophys. Res. 103, 17351.
Tsurutani, B.T., Smith, E.J., Thorne, R.M., Anderson, R.R., Gurnett, D.A., Parks, G.K., Lin, C.S., and Russell, C.T.: 1981, 'Wave-particle interaction at the magnetopause: Contribution to the dayside aurora', Geophys. Res. Lett. 8, 183.
Tsurutani, B.T., and Thorne, R.M.: 1982, 'Diffusion processes in the magnetopause boundary layer', Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 663.
Verheest, F. and Lakhina, G.S.: 1991, 'Nonresonant low-frequency instabilities in multibeam plasmas: Applications to cometary environments and plasma sheet boundary layers', J. Geophys. Res. 96, 7905.
Verheest, F. and Lakhina, G.S.: 1993, 'Resonant electromagnetic ion-ion beam turbulence at comet P/Grigg-Skjellerup', J. Geophys. Res. 98, 21,017.
Weiss, L.A., Reiff, P.H., Moses, J.J., and Moore, B.D.: 1992, 'Energy dissipation in substorms', Eur. Space Agency Spec. Publ., ESA-SP-335, 309.
Winske, D. and Omidi, N.: 1995, 'Diffusion at the magnetopause: hybrid simulations', J. Geophys. Res. 100, 11,923.
Winske, D., Thomas, V.A., and Omidi, N.: 1995, 'Diffusion at the magnetopause: A theoretical perspective, in Physics of the Magnetopause, Geophys. Mon. 90, Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington, DC, 321.
Young, T.S.T., Callen, J.D., and McCune, J.E.: 1973, 'High frequency electrostatic waves in the magnetosphere', J. Geophys. Res. 78, 1082.
Zhu, Z., Song, P., Drake, J.F., Russell, C.T., Anderson, R.R., Gurnett, D.A., Ogilvie, K.W., and Fitzenreiter, R.J.: 1996, 'The relationship between ELF-VLF waves and magnetic shear at the dayside magnetopause', Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 773.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lakhina, G.S., Tsurutani, B.T. Broadband Plasma Waves In The MagnetopauseAnd Polar Cap Boundary Layers. Surveys in Geophysics 20, 377–414 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006603103116
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006603103116