Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fractionation of butyltin species during sample extraction and preparation for analysis

  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Solvent extraction and evaporative concentration steps are often used in procedures for the measurement of butyltins in environmental samples. As part of a larger study utilizing radiolabeled butyltins, the loss and fractionation of butyltins during sample preparation was investigated. TBT, DBT, and MBT were extracted from acidified seawater by hexane with efficiencies of about 95–99, 50–60 and 11% respectively. In addition, losses of about 70% of DBT were found during evaporative concentration of hexane. A variety of sediment extraction procedures were tested and none were found to be highly efficient for total butyltin extraction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adelman, D.: 1988, ‘Geochemistry of Tributyltin in Coastal Waters: An Experiment in a MERL Mesocosm’, Master of Science Thesis, University of Rhode Island, 127 pp.

  • Champ, M. A. and Lowenstein, F. L.: 1987, ‘TBT: The Dilemma of High-technology Antifouling Paints’, Oceanus 30 (3), 69–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Champ, M. A. and Pugh, W. L.: 1987, Tributyltin Antifouling Paints: Introduction & Overview. Oceans '87, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Sept. 28–Oct. 1, 1987, International Organotin Symposium: IEEE and Marine Technology Society, pp. 1296–1308.

  • Cleary, J. J. and Stebbing, A. R. D.: 1987, ‘Organotin in the Surface Microlayer and Subsurface Waters of Southwest England’, Marine Pollut. Bull. 18, 238–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, I. M. and McKie, J. C.: 1987, ‘Accumulation of Total Tin and Tributyltin in Muscle Tissue of Farmed Atlantic Salmon’, Marine Pollut. Bull. 7, 405–407.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Donker, K., Dumarey, R., Dams, R., and Hoste, J.: 1986, ‘Determination of Tin in Atmospheric Particulate Matter by Hydride Generation and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry’, Anal. Chim. Acta 187, 163–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dooley, C. A.: 1986, Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry of Alkyltin Compounds, Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, California, NTIS, NOSC TR 1090.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinga, K. R.: 1988, ‘The Need for TBT Research (Letter)’, Marine. Pollut. Bull. 19, 399–400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinga, K. R., Adelman, D., and Pilson, M. E. Q.: 1987, ‘Radiolabeled Butyltin Studies in the MERL Mesocosms’, Oceans '87, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Sept. 28 – Oct. 1, 1987, International Organotin Symposium: IEEE and Marine Technology Society, pp. 1416–1419.

  • Hodge, V. S., Seidel, S. L., and Goldberg, E. D.: 1979, ‘Determination of Tin (IV) and Organotin Compounds in Natural Waters, Coastal Sediments and Macroalge by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry’, Anal. Chem. 51, 1256–1259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Junk, G. A. and Richard, J. J.: 1978, ‘Solid Phase Extraction, GC Separation and EC Detection of Tributyltin Chloride’, Chemosphere 16, 61–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimmel, E. C., Fish, R. H., and Casida, J. E.: 1977: ‘Bioorganotin Chemistry. Metabolism of Organotin, Compounds in Microsomal Monooxygenase Systems and in Mammals, J. Agric. Food. Chem. 25, 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langston, W. J., Burt, G. R., Mingjiang, Z.: 1987, ‘Tin and Organotin in Water, Sediments, and Benthic Organisms of Poole Harbour’, Marine Pollut. Bull. 18, 634–639.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laughlin, R. B., Jr., Guard, H. E., and Coleman, W. M., III.: 1986, ‘Tributyltin in Seawater: Speciation and Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient’, Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 201–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laughlin, R. B., Jr. and Linden, O., 1987, ‘Tributyltin-Contemporary Environmental Issues’, Ambio 16, 252–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, R. F., Valkirs, A. O., and Seligman, P. F.: 1987, ‘Fate of Tributyltin in Estuarine Waters’, Oceans '87, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Sept. 28 – Oct. 1, 1987, International Organotin Symposium: IEEE and Marine Technology Society, pp. 1411–1415.

  • Maguire, R. J. and Huneault, H.: 1981, ‘Determination of Butyltin Species in Water by Gas Chromatography with Flame Photometric Detection’, J. Chrom. 209, 458–462.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maguire, R. J.: 1987, ‘Environmental Aspects of Tributyltin’, Appl. Organometal. Chem. 1, 475–498.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthias, C. L., Bellama, J. M., Olson, G. J., and Brinckman, F. E.: 1986, ‘Comprehensive Method for Determination of Aquatic Butyltin and Butylmethylin Species at Ultratrace Levels Using Simultaneous Hydrization/extraction with Gas Chromatrography-flame Photometric Detection’ Environ. Sci. Technol 20, 609–615.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthias, C. L., Bellama, J. M., and Brinckman, F. E.: 1987, ‘Determination of Tributyltin in Estuarine Water Using Bonded C-18 Silica Solid Phase Extraction, Hydride Derivatization and GC-FPD’, Oceans '87, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Sept. 28 – Oct. 1, 1987, International Organotin Symposium: IEEE and Marine Technology Society, pp. 1344–1347.

  • Rice, C. D., Espourteilla, F. A. and Huggett, R. J.: 1987, ‘Analysis of Tributyltin in Estuarine Sediments and Oyster Tissue, Crassostrea virginica’, Appl. Organometal. Chem. 1, 541–544.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salazar, M. H. and Champ, M. A.: 1988, ‘Tributyltin and Water Quality: A Question of Environmental Significance’, Oceans '88, Baltimore, Maryland, 31 Oct. – 2 Nov., 1988, Organotin Symposium: IEEE and Marine Technology Society, pp. 1497–1506.

  • Seligman, P. F., Valkirs, A. O., and Lee, R. F.: 1986, ‘Degradation of Tributyltin in San Diego Bay, California, Waters’, Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 1229–1235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Short, J. W. and Thrower, F. P.: 1986, ‘Accumulation of Butyltins in Mussle Tissue of Chinook Salmon Reared in Sea Pens Treated with Tri-n-butyltin’, Marine Pollut. Bull. 17, 542–545.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siu, K. M. W., McLaren, J. W., Maxwell, P. S., Gardner, G. J., and Berman, S. S.: 1988, ‘Analytical Chemistry of Butyltins’, Oceans '88, Baltimore, Maryland, 31 Oct. – 2 Nov., 1988, Organotin Symposium: IEEE and Marine Technology Society, p. 1716.

  • Stallard, M., Hodge, V., and Goldberg, E. D.: 1987, ‘TBT in California Coastal Waters: Monitoring and Assessment, Environ. Monit. Assess. 9, 195–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephensen, M. D., Smith, D. R., Hall, L. W., Jr., Johnson, W. E., Michel, P., Short, J., Waldcock, M., Huggett, R. J., Seligman, P., and Kola, S.: 1987, ‘An International Intercomparison of Butyltin Determinations in Mussel Tissue and Sediments’, Oceans '87, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Sept. 28 – Oct. 1, 1987, International Organotin Symposium: IEEE and Marine Technology Society, pp. 1334–1338.

  • Unger, M. A., MacIntyre, W. G., Greaves, J., and Huggett, R. J.: 1986, ‘GC Determinations of Butyltins in Natural Waters by Flame Photometric Detection of Hexyl Derivatives with Mass Spectrometric Confirmation’, Chemosphere 15, 461–470.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valkirs, A. O., Seligman, P. F., Vafa, G., Stang, P. M., Homer, V., and Liberman, H. S.: 1985, ‘Speciation of Butyltins and Methyltins in Seawater and Marine Sediments by Hydride Derivatization and Atomic Absorption Detection’, Naval Systems Center, San Diego, California. NTIS, TR 1037.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valkirs, A. O., Seligman, P. F., Stang, P. M., Homer, V., Liberman, S. H., Vafa, G., and Dooley, C. A.: 1986, ‘Measurement of Butyltin Compounds in San Diego Bay’, Marine Pollut. Bull. 17, 319–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valkirs, A. O., Seligman, P. F., Olson, G. J., Brinckman, F. E., Matthias, C. L., and Bellama, J. M.: 1987, ‘Di-and Tributyltin Species in Marine and Estuarine Waters. Inter-laboratory Comparison of Two Ultratrace Methods Employing Hydride Generation and Atomic Absorption or Flame Photometric Detection’, Analyst 112, 17–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wade, T. L., Garcia-Romero, B., and Brooks, J. M.: 1988, ‘Tributyltin Analyses in Association with NOAA's National Status and Trends Mussel Watch Program’, Oceans '88, Baltimore, Maryland, 31 Oct. – 2 Nov., 1988, Organotin Symposium: IEEE and Marine Technology Society, pp. 1198–1201.

  • Waldock, M. J., Thain, J. E., and Waite, M. E.: 1987, ‘The Distribution and Potential Toxic Effects of TBT in UK Estuaries During 1986’, Appl. Organometal Chem. 1, 287–301.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 02882, Narrangansett, RI, USA

    D. Adelman, K. R. Hinga & M. E. Q. Pilson

Authors
  1. D. Adelman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. R. Hinga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. E. Q. Pilson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Adelman, D., Hinga, K.R. & Pilson, M.E.Q. Fractionation of butyltin species during sample extraction and preparation for analysis. Environ Monit Assess 16, 117–125 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00418099

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00418099

Keywords

Search

Navigation