Abstract
The effects of four insecticides (two organophosphates, a pyrethroid and a carbamate), applied at different dosages, on different life history parameters of the aphid parasitoidAphidius rhopalosiphi (De Stefani-Perez) were tested. The methods used simulated field conditions in the laboratory. After application on the mummies, only two treatments (parathion and the high dosage of pirimicarb) caused a significant reduction of adult hatching. Fertility and longevity of the wasps were not affected by any of the tested insecticides. Dried residues of parathion, but not of the other insecticides, killed a considerable number ofA. rhopalosiphi females. The searching behaviour of the wasps was affected by demeton-S-methyl and fenvalerate. A direct application of demeton-S-methyl, parathion, and the high dosage of pirimicarb onA. rhopalosiphi females caused high mortality.
Résumé
Les effets de quatre insecticides (deux organophosphates, un pyréthroïde et un carbamate) appliqués à différentes doses, furent testés sur certains paramètres biotiques du parasitoïde aphidiphage,Aphidius rhopalosiphi (De Stefani-Perez). Les méthodes choisies simulaient les conditions du champ dans le laboratoire. Après traitement des momies, seuls deux insecticides (parathion et le haut dosage de pirimicarb) ont pu provoquer une réduction significative de l'émergence des adultes. Par contre, leur fertilité et leur longévité ne furent pas affectées. Sur l'ensemble des insecticides, seuls les résidus de parathion provoquèrent la mort d'un nombre considérable de femelles deA. rhopalosiphi. Le comportement d'orientation des adultes fut affecté par le demethon-S-methyl et le fenvalerate. Une très forte mortalité fut causée par une application directe de demeton-S-methyl, de parathion et du haut dosage de pirimicarb sur les femelles deA. rhopalosiphi.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbott, S. W. — 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of insecticides. —J. Econ. Entomol., 18, 265–267.
Ankersmit, G. W., Acreman, T. M. &Dijkman, H. D. — 1981. Parasitism of colour forms ofSitobion aveneae. —Entomol. Exp. Appl., 29, 262–363.
Bartels, M., Betz, H.-G., Böttger, W., Garburg, W., Hoppe, J.-H., Maykuhs, F. & Rippke, F.-O. —1983. Sachgerechter Umgang mit Pflanzenschutzmitteln.Mitteilungen des Pflanzenchutzamtes der Landwirtschaftskammer Hannover, February 1983, 93 pp.
Borgemeister, C. W. — 1992. Primär- und Hyperparasitoide von Getreideblattläusen: Interaktion und Beeinflussung durch Insektizide. — Agrarökologie Vol. 3,Paul Haupt Verlag, Bern, Stuttgart & Wien.
Büchs, W., Heimbach, U. &Czarnecki, E. — 1990. Untersuchungen zu Auswirkungen von Schneckenbekämpfungsmitteln auf einige Laufkäferarten (Coleoptea: Carabidae) bei Anwendung verschiedener Testverfahren im Labor und Halbfreiland. —German Journal for Applied Zoology, 3–4, 479–500.
Budenberg, W. J. — 1990. Honeydew as a contact kairomone for aphid parasitoids. —Entomol. Exp. Appl., 55, 139–148.
Croft, B. A. &Brown, A. W. A. — 1975. Responses of arthropod natural enemies to insecticides. —Annu. Rev. Entomol., 20, 285–336.
El-Sayed, A. M. &Abo El-Ghar, G. E. S. — 1989. Selective toxicity of organophosphorous insecticides to the cabbage aphid,Brevicoryne brassicae (Homoptera: Aphididae), and its parasitoidDiaretiella rapea (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). —Z. Pflanzenkrankh. Pflanzensch., 96, 281–288.
Elzen, G. W., O'Brien, P. J. &Powell, J. E. — 1989. Toxic and behavioral effects of selected insecticides on theHeliothis parasitoidMicroplitis croceipes. —Entomophaga, 34, 87–94.
Everts, J. W. — 1990. Sensitive indicators of side-effects of pesticides on the epigeal fauna of arable land. — PhD thesis, University of Wageningen, 114 p.
Franz, J. M., Bogenschütz, H., Hassan, S. A., Huang, P., Naton, E., Suter, H. &Viggiani, G. — 1980. Results of a joint pesticide test programme by the Working Group: Pesticides and Beneficial Arthropods. —Entomophaga, 25, 231–236.
Habtu, F. F. &Samsøe-Petersen, L. — 1987. Semi-field method for testing side effects of pesticides on adults of the parasitic waspEncarsia formosa (Gahan) (Hym., Aphelenidae). —J. Appl. Ent., 104, 473–479.
Hassan, S. A., Bigler, F., Bogenschütz, H., Brown, J. U., Firth, S. I., Huang, P., Ledieu, M. S., Naton, E., Oomen, P. A., Overmeer, W. P. J., Rieckmann, W., Samsøe-Petersen, Viggiani, G. &Zon, A. Q. van — 1983. Results of the second joint pesticides testing programme by the IOBC/WPRS-Working Group “Pesticides and Beneficial Arthropods”. —Z. angew. Entomol., 95, 151–158.
Hassan, S. A., Bigler, F., Blaisinger, P., Bogenschütz, H., Brun, J., Chiverton, P., Dickler, E., Easterbrook, M. A., Edwards, P., Englert, W. D., Firth, S. I., Huang, P., Inglesfield, C., Klingauf, F., Kühner, C., Ledieu, M. S., Naton, E., Oomen, P. A., Overmeer, W. P., Plevoets, P., Reboulet, J. N., Rieckmann, W., Samsøe-Petersen, L., Shires, S. W., Stäubli, A., Stevenson, J., Tuset, J. J., Vanwetswinkel, G. &van Zon, A. Q. — 1985. Standard methods to test the side-effects on natural enemies of insects and mites developed by the IOBC/WPRS Working Group “Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms”. —Bull. OEPP/EPPO, 15, 214–255.
Hassan, S. A., Albert, R., Bigler, F., Blaisinger, P., Pogenschütz, H., Boller, E., Brun, J., Chiverton, P.;Edwards, P., Huang, P., Inglesfield, C., Naton, E., Oomen, P. A., Overmeer, W. P., Rieckmann, W., Samsøe-Petersen, L., Stäubli, A., Suset, J. J., Viggiani, G. &Vanwetswinkel, G. — 1987. Results of the third joint pesticide testing programme carried out by the IOBC/WPRS-Working Group “Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms”. —J. Appl. Ent., 103, 92–107.
Hassan, S. A., Bigler, F., Bogenschütz, H., Boller, E., Brun, J., Chiverton, P., Edwards, P., Mansour, F., Naton, E., Oomen, P. A., Polgar, L., Rickmann, W., Samsøe-Petersen, L., Stäubli, A., Sterk, G., Tavares, K., Tuset, J. J., Viggiani, G. &Vivas, A. G. — 1988. Results of the fourth joint pesticide testing programme carried out by the IOBC. WPRS-Working Group “Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms”. —J. Appl. Ent., 105, 321–329.
Hassan, S. A., Bigler, F., Bogenschütz, H., Boller, E., Brun, J., Calis, J. N. M., Chiverton, P., Coremans-Pelseneer, J., Duso, C., Lewis, G. B., Mansour, F., Moreth, L., Oomen, P. A., Overmeer, W. P. J., Plgar, L., Rieckmann, W., Samsøe-Petersen, L., Stäubli, A., Sterk, G., Tavares, K., Tuset, J. J. &Viggiani, G. — 1991. Results of the fifth joint pesticide testing programme carried out by the IOBC/WPRS-Working Group “Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms”. —Entomophaga, 36, 55–67.
Höller, C., Borgemeister, C., Haardt, H. &Powell, W. — 1993. The relationship between primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of cereal aphids: An analysis of field data. —J. Animal. Ecol., 62, 12–21.
Hsieh, C. Y. &Allen, W. W. — 1986. Effects of insecticides on emergence, survival, longevity, and fecundity of the parasitoidDiaretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) from mummifiedMyzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae). —J. Econ. Entomol., 79, 1599–1602.
Jiu, G. D. &Waage, J. K. — 1990. The effect of insecticides on the distribution of foraging parasitoids,Diaretiella rapae (Hym.: Braconidae) on plants. —Entomophaga, 35, 49–56.
Krespl, L., Rabasse, J. M., Dedryver, C. A. &Nenon, J. P. — 1991. Effect of three insecticides on the life cycle ofAphidius uzbekistanicus Luz (Hym., Aphididae). —J. Appl. Ent., 111, 113–119.
Mackauer, M. — 1983. Quantitative assesment ofAphidius smithi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae): fecundity, intrinsic rate of increase, and functional response. —Can. Ent., 115, 399–415.
Mani, M., Nagarkatti, S. &Jayanth, K. P. — 1985. Reaction of four parasitoids to some synthetic pyrethroids. —Entomon, 10, 111–115.
McGregor, R. &Mackauer, M. — 1989. Toxicity of carbaryl to the pea-aphid parasiteAphidius smithi: influence of behaviour on pesticide uptake. —Crop Protection, 8, 193–196.
Mey, W. — 1984. Der Einfluß von Insektiziden auf die Mumienmortalität des ParasitoidenMonoctonus cerasi (Marshall) (Hymenoptera, Aphidiidae). —Arch. Phytopathol. Pflanzenschutz, Berlin, 20, 247–252.
Naton, E. — 1983. Die Prüfung der Nebenwirkung von Pflanzenschutzmittein aufPhygadeuon trichops Thoms. (Hym., Ichneumonidae). —Anz. Schädlingskde. Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz, 56, 82–91.
Obtrel, R. — 1961. Effects of two insecticides onAphidius ervi Hal. (Hym.: Braconidae) an internal parariste ofAcyrthosiphon onobrychis (Boyer). —Folia Zoologica, 24, 1–8.
Plapp, F. W. &Vinson, S. D. — 1977. Comparative toxicities of some insecticides to the Tobacco Budworm and its Ichneumonid parasite,Campoletis sonorensis. —Environ. Entomol., 6, 381–384.
Samsøe-Petersen, L. — 1990. Sequences of Standard Methods to test Effects of Chemicals on Terrestrial Arthropods. —Ecotox. Envir. Safety., 19, 310–319.
Schneider-Orelli, O. — 1947. Entomologisches Praktikum. — 2. Auflage, Aarau.
Stary, P. — 1970. Biology of Aphid Parasites (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) with respect to integrated control. —Series Entomologica, Dr. W. Junk, Den Haag.
Stevenson, J. H., Smart, L. E. &Walters, J. H. H. — 1984. Laboratory assessment of insecticide selectivity-practical relevance. —Pest and Diseases, Vol. 1, 355–358.
Süss, L. — 1983. Survival of pupal stageAphidius ervi Hal. in mummifiedSitobion avenae F. to pesticide treatment. In: Aphid Antagonists (R. Cavalloro, ed.)Proceedings of a meeting of the EC Experts Group Portici/Italy, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 129–134.
Tornier, U. & Drescher W. — 1991. Development of a semifield testing method for the evaluation of pesticides with hoverflies (Dipt., Syrphidae). —Proceedings of the IV International symposium on the harmonization of methods for testing the toxicity of pesticides to bees, May 15–18, 1990 Prague, Czechoslovakia, 131–136.
Trumble, J. T. — 1985. Implications of changes in arthropod distribution following chemical application. —Res. Popul. Ecol., 27, 277–285.
White, J. S., Everett, C. J. &Brown, R. A. — 1991. Lamda-Cyhalothrin: Laboratory and field methods to assess the effects on natural enemies. —Pest and Diseases, Vol. 1, 969–974.
Wilkinson, J. D., Biever, K. D. &Ignoffo, C. M. — 1979. Synthetic pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides against parasitoidApanteles marginiventris and predatorsGeocoris punctipes, Hyppodamia convergens, andPodisus maculiventris. —J. Econ. Entomol., 72, 473–475.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Borgemeister, C., Poehling, H.M., Dinter, A. et al. Effects of insecticides on life history parameters of the aphid parasitoidAphidius rhopalosiphi [Hym.: Aphidiidae] . Entomophaga 38, 245–255 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02372560
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02372560