Abstract
Pesticide-induced differential mortality betweenDelia antiqua(MEIGEN)and several other organisms associated with its natural control [D. platura(MEIGEN),Coenosia tigrina (F.),Entomophtora muscae (COHN), andAphaereta pallipes (SAY)] were evaluated under simulated field conditions. Direct and residual differential mortalities were described for 3 herbicides (Chloro-IPC, nitrofen, and CDAA), 3 fungicides (maneb, chlorothalonil, and copper sulfate), and 1 insecticide (malathion). The recommended field application rates of these chemicals produced high positive differential mortality levels betweenD. antiqua and some of the natural mortality agents. Chloro-IPC, a preplant and midseason herbicide, induced 100% mortality ofA. pallipes over the 3-day residual test period. Modifications in behavioral orientation and death patterns ofD. antiqua adults infected withE. muscae were also noted in malathion-treated flies such that subsequent conidial dispersal was highly restricted.
Résumé
Les différences de mortalité induites par les produits phytosanitaires entreDelia antiqua et plusieurs organismes antagonistes associés à sa limitation naturelleD. platura (MEIGEN),Coenosia tigrina (F.),Entomophtora muscae (COHK) etAphaereta pallipes (SAY) ont été évaluées dans des conditions simulant celles des cultures. Les mortalités différentes dues à l'action directe ou résiduelle des produits sont décrites pour trois herbicides (Chloro-IPC, Nitrofen et CDAA), trois fongicides (Maneb, Chlorothalonil et Sulfate de Cuivre) et un insecticide (Malathion). Les taux d'application pratique recommandés de ces produits entraînent des différences hautement positives dans les niveaux de mortalité entreD. antiqua et quelques-uns de ses agents de mortalité naturelle. Le Chloro-IPC, herbicide de préplantation et de demi-saison, provoque la mortalité totale d'A. pallipes au-delà des trois jours qui constituent la période test pour les résidus.
Des modifications d'orientation comportementale et des modalités de la mort des adultes deD. antiqua infestés parE. muscae ont été aussi notées chez les mouches traitées au Malathion de sorte que la dispersion des conidies était hautement réduite.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Altman, J. — 1966.Laboratory Manual for Phytopathological Techniques. — Pruett Press Inc., Boulder, Colorado. 198 pp.
Barney, G. O. — 1980.The Global 2000 Report to the President—Entering the Twenty-First Century. —Vol. 1, G.P.O., Washington, D.C. 47 pp.
Carruthers, R.I., Haynes D.L. &MacLeod, D.M. — 1984.Entomophthora muscae mycosis of the onion fly,Delia antiqua. —J. Invert. Pathol. 45, 81–93.
Casagrande, R. A. &Haynes, D. L. — 1976. An analysis of strip spraying for the cereal leaf beetle. —Environ. Entomol., 5, 612–620.
Cobb, D. L. & Ruppel, R. F. — 1976. A self-propelled machine for the mass collection of insects. —USDA Agric. Res. Ser. ARS-NC N o 43. 6 pp.
Cress, D. C., Potter, H. S., Bird, G. W. & Wells, A. — 1976. Control of insects, diseases and nematodes on commercial vegetables. —Mich. St. Univ. Ext. Bull., 312. 40 pp.
Croft, B. A. &Brown, A. W. A. — 1975. Response of arthropod natural enemies to insecticides. —Annu. Rev. Entomol., 20, 285–335.
Croft, B. A. &Morse, J. G. — 1979. Recent advances in natural enemy-pesticide research. —Entomophaga, 24, 3–11.
Finney, D. J. — 1978.Statistical Methods in Biological Assay. — 3rd Edition.Macmillian, New York. 508 pp.
Guyer, G. E. &Wells, A. — 1959. Evaluation of insecticides for control of the chlorinated hydrocarbon resistant onion maggot. —Mich. Ag. Exp. Sta. Quart. Bull., 41, 614–623.
Harris, C. R. &Svec, H. J. — 1976. Onion maggot resistance to insecticides. —J. Econ. Entomol., 69, 563–565.
Harris, C. R., Svec, H. J., Tolman, J. H., Tomlin, A. D. &McEwem, F. L. —1981. A rational integration of methods to control onion maggot in southwestern Ontario. —Proc. Brit. Crop Prot. Conf., 3, 789–799.
Haynes, D. L., Tummala, R. L. &Ellis, T. L. — 1980. Ecosystem management for pest control. —Bio-Science., 30, 690–696.
McEwen, F. L. &Stephenson, G. R. — 1979.The Use and Significance of Pesticides in the Environment. —Wiley and Sons, New York, 538 pp.
Metcalf, R. L. — 1980. Changing role of insecticides in crop protection. —Annu. Rev. Entomol., 25, 219–256.
Mullison, W. R. — 1979.Herbicide Handbook. — 4th Ed.Weed Sci. Soc. Am., 479 pp.
Niemczyk, H. D. — 1964. Mass rearing of the onion maggot,Hylemya antiqua, under laboratory conditions. —J. Econ. Entomol., 57, 57–60.
Putnam, A. R. — 1979. Weed control guide for vegetable crops. —Mich. St. Univ. Ext. Bull., 433.
Roberts, D. W. &Campbell, A. S. — 1977. Stability of entomophagous fungi. —Entomol. Soc. Amer. Misc. Publ., 10, 19–76.
Rose, K. B. & Foster, R. E. — 1983. Onion IPM and crop protection manual for New York state. — IPM Program, Cornell Univ.,Geneva Exp. Sta. Project Report. 300 pp.
Saini, M. L. &Durough, H. W. — 1970. Persistence of malathion and methyl parathion when applied as ultra low volume and emulsifiable concentrate sprays. —J. Econ. Entomol., 63, 405–408.
Van Den Bosch, R. &Stern, V. M. — 1962. The integration of chemical and biological control of arthropod pests. —Annu. Rev. Entomol., 7, 367–386.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Michigan Agricultural Experimental Station Journal Article Number 10133.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Carruthers, R.I., Whitfield, G.H. & Haynes, D.L. Pesticide-induced mortality of natural enemies of the onion maggot,Delia antiqua [Dip.: Anthomyiidae] . Entomophaga 30, 151–161 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02372248
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02372248