Conclusions
Unfired quartz nozzles hardened by hydrothermal treatment for teeming of steel are no poorer in life than fired. In addition in contact with aggresive (manganese) steels the wear of the unfired ceramic is somewhat less. There was no penetration of the unfired material by the products of interaction of the metal with the refractory during service.
Unfired nozzles based on suspensions produced by grinding in an acid medium and stabilized in an alkaline medium showed the least wear in service.
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Translated from Ogneupory, No. 1, pp. pp. 39–43, January, 1989.
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Pivinskii, Y.E., Kaplan, F.S., Semikova, S.G. et al. Unfired quartz nozzles for teeming of steel. Refractories 30, 39–43 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01292537
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01292537