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Food exchange and distribution by three functional worker groups of the imported fire antSolenopsis invicta Buren

Echanges et distribution de la nourriture par trois groupes fonctionnels d'ouvrières chez la «Fourmi de feu»Solenopsis invicta Buren

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Summary

The imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta Buren has three main functional worker groups: foragers, reserves, and nurses. By using a specially designed nest we were able to separate these functional groups by location. The ants were presented with 125 Iodine mixed with egg yolk powder, soybean oil, or 50 % honey solution for 10 minutes. The number of ants per nest location and the quantity of radiolabelled food consumed per ant were then measured.

When presented with honey or soybean oil, colonies responded by increasing the number of foragers and active reserves. With both foods the foragers took in large quantities of liquid, passing on smaller amounts to the reserves and the nurses. When ants were presented with 50 % honey, less than 0.2 % of the honey collected by the foragers reached the brood. Only 5 % of the larvæ were fed after 10 minutes. When soybean oil was presented, 2 % of the oil collected reached the larvæ and approximately 35 % of the larvæ had been fed after 10 minutes. When the ants were presented with egg yolk powder, the number of foragers was low but they made repeated trips, leaving food on the nest periphery or passing it on to the reserves. Reserves relayed food rapidly to the nurses so that, in contrast to oil and honey, the quantity of food consumed per ant was greatest among the nurses and lower among the reserves and the foragers. Approximately 80 % of the brood were fed egg yolk powder within the 10 minutes period receiving 6 % of the egg yolk collected by the foragers.

From this study it appears that workers can discriminate between nutrient types and adjust their behaviour accordingly.

Resume

La «fourmi de feu»,Solenopsis invicta Buren, a trois principaux groupes fonctionnels d'ouvrières: les fourrageuses, les «stockeuses de réserves» et les nourrices. En utilisant un nid spécialement construit, nous avons pu séparer ces groupes fonctionnels. Nous avons donné aux fourmis de l'iode radio-actif (1251) mélangé à de la poudre de jaune d'œuf, de l'huile de soja ou une solution de miel à 50 % pendant 10 minutes. Le nombre de fourmis par nid et la quantité de nourriture marquée, consommée par fourmi, ont ensuite été mesurés.

Lorsqu'elles ont reçu du miel ou de l'huile de soja, les colonies répondent en augmentant le nombre de fourrageuses et de «stockeuses de réserves» actives. Avec les deux sortes de nourriture, les fourrageuses consomment de grandes quantités de liquide; elles en transmettent des quantités plus petites aux «stockeuses de réserves» et aux nourrices. Lorsqu'on donne du miel «à 50 %» aux fourmis, moins de 0,2 % du miel recueilli par les fourrageuses parvient à la colonie; seulement 5 % des larves sont nourries après 10 minutes. Lorsqu'on donne de l'huile de soja, 2 % de l'huile recueillie parvient aux larves: à peu près 35 % des larves sont nourries après 10 minutes. Lorsqu'on donne de la poudre de jaune d'œuf, le nombre de fourrageuses est bas, mais celles-ci viennent plusieurs fois; elles laissent la nourriture à la périphérie du nid ou la transmettent aux «stockeuses de réserves». Les «stockeuses de réserves» transmettent rapidement la nourriture aux nourrices de sorte que, par rapport à l'huile et au miel, la quantité de nourriture consommëe par fourmi est la plus élevée parmi les nourrices. A peu près 80 % du couvain est nourri avec de la poudre de jaune d'œuf durant la période de 10 minutes, ce qui représente 6 % du jaune d'œuf recueilli par les fourrageuses.

De cette étude, il apparaît que les ouvrières peuvent distinguer différents types de nutriments et, en conséquence, adapter leur comportement.

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Sorenşen, A.A., Mirenda, J.T. & Vinson, S.B. Food exchange and distribution by three functional worker groups of the imported fire antSolenopsis invicta Buren. Ins. Soc 28, 383–394 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02224195

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