Critical conditions and composite Froude numbers for layered flow with transverse variations in velocity

Abstract

A condition is derived for the hydraulic criticality of a 2-layer flow with transverse variations in both layer velocities and thicknesses. The condition can be expressed in terms of a generalized composite Froude number. The derivation can be extended in order to obtain a critical condition for an N-layer system. The results apply to inviscid flows subject to the usual hydraulic approximation of gradual variations along the channel and is restricted to flows in which the velocity remains single-signed within any given layer. For an intermediate layer with a partial segment of sluggish flow, the long-wave dynamics of the overlying and underlying layers become decoupled.