The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), poses a significant threat to the global fruit industry, causing damage to diverse fruits like citrus, mango, and guava. Chemical pesticides have limited effectiveness, and pesticide residues and pesticide resistance are pressing issues. Therefore, it is essential to develop environmentally friendly pest control methods to address this problem. Behavior-modifying chemicals, including male attractants and intersex protein baits, play a critical role in the control of B. dorsalis. The mature host fruit serves as both an oviposition site and food source under natural conditions, making it a potential attraction source for oriental fruit flies. Orange, Citrus sinensis, is a main host of B. dorsalis, and commercial orange juice is a common attractant for the egg laying of B. dorsalis. Although it can both attract and elicit oviposition behaviors in B. dorsalis adults, its active components are still unclear. This study utilized analytical chemistry, behavioral tests, and electrophysiology to identify the active components of commercial orange juice that attract B. dorsalis, with the aim of providing a reference for the development of behavior-modifying chemical-based techniques to control B. dorsalis. Five compounds with a high abundance were identified via a GC-MS, including D-Limonene, butanoic acid ethyl ester, β-myrcene, linalool, and α-terpineol. Behavioral and electrophysiological experiments uncovered that D-Limonene was the active substance that was the main attractant in the mixture of these five substances, evoking a strong electrophysiological response in adult B. dorsalis. D-Limonene strongly attracts adult B. dorsalis only when they are sexually mature, and the attraction is not rhythmic. Olfaction plays a leading role in the attraction of D-Limonene to adult B. dorsalis, and Orco^−/− mediates the perception of D-Limonene by B. dorsalis. Overall, D-Limonene is one of the key attractant compounds for B. dorsalis in the volatile compounds of commercial orange juice, offering possible support for the development of behavior-modifying chemical-based technology to control B. dorsalis in the future. Full article

Osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein (OC-STAMP) plays a pivotal role in the promotion of cell fusion during osteoclast differentiation (osteoclastogenesis) in the context of pathogenic bone resorption. Thus, it is plausible that the suppression of OC-STAMP through a bioengineering approach could lead to the development of an effective treatment for inflammatory bone resorptive diseases with minimum side effects. Here, we synthesized two types of spermine-bearing (Spe) cationic glucan dendrimer (GD) gels (with or without C12) as carriers of short interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence OC-STAMP. The results showed that amphiphilic C12-GD-Spe gel was more efficient in silencing OC-STAMP than GD-Spe gel and that the mixture of anti-OC-STAMP siRNA/C12-GD-Spe significantly downregulated RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Also, local injection of anti-OC-STAMP-siRNA/C12-GD-Spe could attenuate bone resorption induced in a mouse model of periodontitis. These results suggest that OC-STAMP is a promising target for the development of a novel bone regenerative therapy and that C12-GD-Spe gel provides a new nanocarrier platform of gene therapies for osteolytic disease. Full article

The formation of phytoene by condensing two geranylgeranyl diphosphate molecules catalyzed by phytoene synthase (PSY) is the first committed and rate-limiting step in carotenoid biosynthesis, which has been extensively investigated in bacteria, land plants and microalgae. However, this step in macroalgae remains unknown. In the present study, a gene encoding putative phytoene synthase was cloned from the economic red alga Pyropia yezoensis—a species that has long been used in food and pharmaceuticals. The conservative motifs/domains and the tertiary structure predicted using bioinformatic tools suggested that the cloned PyPSY should encode a phytoene synthase; this was empirically confirmed by pigment complementation in E. coli. This phytoene synthase was encoded by a single copy gene, whose expression was presumably regulated by many factors. The phylogenetic relationship of PSYs from different organisms suggested that red algae are probably the progeny of primary endosymbiosis and plastid donors of secondary endosymbiosis. Full article

The work presents novel composite catalytic materials—Ni and Co deposited on Magneli phase titania—and describes their complex characterization and integration into membrane electrode assemblies to produce hydrogen by electrochemical water splitting in cells with anion exchange membranes (AEMEC). Chemical composition, surface structure, and morphology were characterized by XRD and SEM analysis. The activity in the evolution of the partial electrode reactions of hydrogen (HER) and oxygen (OER) was assessed in an aqueous alkaline electrolyte (25 wt.% KOH) using linear sweep voltammetry. The interactive role of the support was investigated and discussed. Among the tested samples, the sample with 30 wt.% Co (Co30/MPT) demonstrated superior performance in the OER. The reaction started at 1.65 V, and at 1.8 V, the current density reached 75 mA cm⁻². The HER is most efficient on the sample containing 40 wt.% Ni (Ni40/MPT), where the current density reaches 95 mA at a potential of −0.5 V. The change in catalytic efficiency compared to that of the unsupported Ni and Co is due to synergism resulting from electronic interactions between the transition metal having a hyper-d-electron character and hypo-d-electron support. The pre-selected catalysts were integrated in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) using commercial and laboratory-prepared anion-conductive membranes and tested in a custom-made AEMEC. The performance was compared to that of MEA with a commercial carbon-supported Pt catalyst. It was found that the MEA with newly prepared catalysts demonstrated better performance in long-term operation (50 mA cm⁻² at 1.8 V in a 60 h durability test), which, combined with the higher cost efficiency, gave credence to considering this combination of materials as promising for AEMEC applications. Full article

Pore water pressure (PWP) response is significant for evaluating the earth dams’ stability, and PWPs are, therefore, generally monitored. However, due to the soil heterogeneity and its non-linear behavior within earths, the PWP is usually difficult to estimate and predict accurately in order to detect a pathology or anomaly in the behavior of an embankment dam. This study endeavors to tackle this challenge through the application of diverse machine learning (ML) techniques in estimating the PWP within an existing earth dam. The methods employed include random forest (RF) combined with simulated annealing (SA), multilayer perceptron (MLP), standard recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and gated recurrent unit (GRU). The prediction capability of these techniques was gauged using metrics such as the coefficient of determination (R²), mean square error (MSE), and CPU training time. It was found that all the considered ML methods could give satisfactory results for the PWP estimation. Upon comparing these methods within the case study, the findings suggest that, in this study, multilayer perceptron (MLP) gives the most accurate PWP prediction, achieving the highest coefficient of determination (R² = 0.99) and the lowest mean square error (MSE = 0.0087) metrics. A sensitivity analysis is then presented to evaluate the models’ robustness and the hyperparameter’s influence on the performance of the prediction model. Full article

Vital sign monitoring is dominated by precise but costly contact-based sensors. Contactless devices such as radars provide a promising alternative. In this article, the effects of lateral radar positions on breathing and heartbeat extraction are evaluated based on a sleep study. A lateral radar position is a radar placement from which multiple human body zones are mapped onto different radar range sections. These body zones can be used to extract breathing and heartbeat motions independently from one another via these different range sections. Radars were positioned above the bed as a conventional approach and on a bedside table as well as at the foot end of the bed as lateral positions. These positions were evaluated based on six nights of sleep collected from healthy volunteers with polysomnography (PSG) as a reference system. For breathing extraction, comparable results were observed for all three radar positions. For heartbeat extraction, a higher level of agreement between the radar foot end position and the PSG was found. An example of the distinction between thoracic and abdominal breathing using a lateral radar position is shown. Lateral radar positions could lead to a more detailed analysis of movements along the body, with the potential for diagnostic applications. Full article

Direct yaw moment control (DYC) can effectively improve the yaw stability of four-wheel distributed drive electric vehicles (4W-DDEVs) under extreme conditions, which has become an indispensable part of active safety control for 4W-DDEVs. This study proposes a novel hierarchical DYC architecture for 4W-DDEVs to enhance vehicle stability during ever-changing road conditions. Firstly, a vehicle dynamics model is established, including a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) vehicle model for calculating the desired yaw rate and sideslip angle as the control target of the upper layer controller, a DDEV model composed of a seven-degree-of-freedom (7DOF) vehicle model, a tire model, a motor model and a driver model. Secondly, a hierarchical DYC is designed combining the upper layer yaw moment calculation and low layer torque distribution. Specifically, based on Matlab/Simulink, improved linear quadratic regulator (LQR) with weight matrix optimization based on inertia weight cosine-adjustment particle swarm optimization (IWCPSO) is employed to compute the required additional yaw moment in the upper-layer controller, while quadratic programming (QP) is used to allocate four motors’ torque with the optimization objective of minimizing the tire utilization rate. Finally, a comparative test with double-lane-change and sinusoidal conditions under a low and high adhesion road surface is conducted on Carsim and Matlab/Simulink joint simulation platform. With IWCPSO-LQR under double-lane-change (DLC) condition on a low adhesion road surface, the yaw rate and sideslip angle of the DDEV exhibits improvements of 95.2%, 96.8% in the integral sum of errors, 94.9%, 95.1% in the root mean squared error, and 78.8%, 98.5% in the peak value compared to those without control. Simulation results indicate the proposed hierarchical control method has a remarkable control effect on the yaw rate and sideslip angle, which effectively strengthens the driving stability of 4W-DDEVs. Full article

Background: Microaggressions are subtle slights that can cause significant psychological distress among marginalized groups. Few studies have explored interventions that might mitigate these effects. Objective: This study aimed to investigate if and how humor-infused immersive storytelling via virtual reality (VR) could reduce identity-related psychological distress caused by microaggressions. Methods: Using a community-based participatory research approach, we developed a 7-min 360-degree VR film depicting scenarios of microaggressions across various identities. Forty-six college students participated in a controlled study where they were exposed to this immersive VR experience. We measured identity-related psychological anxiety, character identification, perceived humor, and perceived psychological presence. Results: The findings demonstrated a significant anxiety reduction following the VR intervention, supporting the efficacy of humor-infused storytelling in alleviating the impact of microaggressions. Character identification significantly predicted anxiety reduction, while perceived humor and psychological presence did not directly influence anxiety reduction but indirectly contributed through enhanced character identification. Conclusions: Humor-infused immersive storytelling, facilitated by VR, effectively reduces identity-related psychological distress primarily through character identification. The structural equation modeling results emphasize the importance of integrating humor and psychological presence to enhance character connection, advocating for a balanced approach that combines traditional narrative elements with technological innovations in health interventions aimed at combating the adverse psychological effects of microaggressions. Full article

Critical distance concerns precise digital levelling, which has inaccurate results at a certain sighting distance. The influence of critical distance on a measured height difference has been confirmed by calibrating certain digital levels and their appropriate code devices on a vertical comparator under laboratory conditions. The paper aims to explore the influence of critical distance on height differences obtained by precise digital levels of Leica NA3003 and DNA03 by experimental measurements realised in situ. The processing of the measurement results consisted of defining a random error on a station by using parameter estimation of an error model to specify a partial error on a station dependent on sighting distance. Then the processing phase continues with the finding of the relation between the sighting distance and the dispersion of height differences acquired by digital levelling under terrain conditions. The theoretical part involves the development of levelling accuracy theories that vary over time by view on random and systematic error propagation. The numerical and graphical solution of the experimental measurements involves ordering the height differences into sighting groups according to the sighting distance. The standard deviation computed in each sighting group represents a measure of the dispersion of height differences. Suppose the standard deviation in the sighting group in both independent experimental locations K1 and K2 exceeds twice the total standard deviation. In that case, it is most likely considered to be the influence of the critical distance, which is then compared with values obtained by laboratory calibration of the same digital levels. Full article

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, driving the development of therapies targeting cancer metabolism. Stable isotope tracing has emerged as a widely adopted tool for monitoring cancer metabolism both in vitro and in vivo. Advances in instrumentation and the development of new tracers, metabolite databases, and data analysis tools have expanded the scope of cancer metabolism studies across these scales. In this review, we explore the latest advancements in metabolic analysis, spanning from experimental design in stable isotope-labeling metabolomics to sophisticated data analysis techniques. We highlight successful applications in cancer research, particularly focusing on ongoing clinical trials utilizing stable isotope tracing to characterize disease progression, treatment responses, and potential mechanisms of resistance to anticancer therapies. Furthermore, we outline key challenges and discuss potential strategies to address them, aiming to enhance our understanding of the biochemical basis of cancer metabolism. Full article

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) management is challenging, usually requiring multidisciplinary collaboration from cardiologists, infectious disease specialists, interventional cardiologists, and cardiovascular surgeons, as more than half of the cases will require surgical procedures. Therefore, it is essential for all healthcare providers involved in managing IE to understand the disease’s characteristics, potential complications, and treatment options. While systemic embolization is one of the most frequent complications of IE, the coronary localization of emboli causing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is less common, with an incidence ranging from 1% to 10% of cases, but it has a much higher rate of morbidity and mortality. There are no guidelines for this type of AMI management in IE. Methods: This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge regarding septic coronary embolization in patients with IE. Additionally, this paper highlights the diagnosis and management challenges in such cases, particularly due to the lack of protocols or consensus in the field. Results: Data extracted from case reports indicate that septic coronary embolization often occurs within the first two weeks of the disease. The aortic valve is most commonly involved with vegetation, and the occluded vessel is frequently the left anterior descending artery. Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy followed by targeted antibiotic therapy for infection control is essential, and surgical treatment offers promising results through surgical embolectomy, concomitant with valve replacement or aspiration thrombectomy, with or without subsequent stent insertion. Thrombolytics are to be avoided due to the increased risk of bleeding. Conclusions: All these aspects should constitute future lines of research, allowing the integration of all current knowledge from multidisciplinary team studies on larger patient cohorts and, subsequently, creating a consensus for assessing the risk and guiding the management of this potentially fatal complication. Full article

China is currently focusing on the cooperative control of air pollution and CO₂ emissions, as well as the mitigation of economic policy uncertainty (EPU). By using panel data from 282 cities spanning from 2003 to 2017 and a newly constructed city-level EPU index, a spatial Durbin, two-way fixed-effects model is employed, with the aim of estimating the impact of EPU on the synergistic emissions intensity (SEI) of air pollutants and CO₂. Additionally, this paper investigates the potential channels through which EPU influences SEI. It also explores how pressures related to environmental protection and economic development affect the impact of EPU on SEI. The results indicate that a unit increase in EPU will result in a rise in the SEI of local cities, adjacent cities, and total cities by 930.9%, 69,162.7%, and 70,093.6%, respectively. Moreover, the channel analysis suggests that EPU exacerbates SEI by undermining the upgrading of the industrial structure, augmenting industrial structure distortion, and escalating labor market distortion. Furthermore, the effect of EPU on SEI may be lessened by an increase in environmental protection pressure, while an increase in economic development pressure may exert a positive influence. Finally, this paper concludes by recommending that policymakers should prioritize the maintenance and stability of economic policies, facilitate the advancement of the industrial structure, enhance the efficiency of labor resource allocation, and underscore the significance of managing urban air pollution and CO₂ emissions. Full article

Thiourea and its derivatives have become a significant focal point within the organic synthesis field, garnering attention for their diverse biological applications, including antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer, antituberculosis and antimalarial properties. My objective is to present a comprehensive and easily understandable analysis of recent advancements in the organic synthesis of thiourea derivatives. My focus is on the structure and activity of these derivatives over the past five years, highlighting the significant progress made in the field of organic synthesis. Additionally, I evaluate the current state of research in this area and provide an overview of the latest trends and future prospects. This review will prove to be beneficial for researchers, academics and industry professionals involved in drug development and organic synthesis. Full article

With the increasing complexity of the grid meter dial, precise feature extraction is becoming more and more difficult. Many automatic recognition solutions have been proposed for grid meter readings. However, traditional inspection methods cannot guarantee detection accuracy in complex environments. So, deep-learning methods are combined with grid meter recognition. Existing recognition systems that utilize segmentation models exhibit very high computation. It is challenging to ensure high real-time performance in edge computing devices. Therefore, an improved meter recognition model based on YOLOv7 is proposed in this paper. Partial convolution (PConv) is introduced into YOLOv7 to create a lighter network. Different PConv introduction locations on the base module have been used in order to find the optimal approach for reducing the parameters and floating point of operations (FLOPs). Meanwhile, the dynamic head (DyHead) module is utilized to enhance the attention mechanism for the YOLOv7 model. It can improve the detection accuracy of striped objects. As a result, this paper achieves ${\mathrm{mAP}}_{50}^{val}$ of 97.87% and ${\mathrm{mAP}}_{50:90}^{val}$ of 62.4% with only 5.37 M parameters. The improved model’s inference speed can reach 108 frames per second (FPS). It enables detection accuracy that can reach $\pm 0.1$ degrees in the grid meter. Full article

The electrode is a key component in a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) that needs significant improvement for practical implementation. Accurate and reproducible analytical methods are substantial for the effective development of electrode technology. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) is an essential analytical method for evaluating electrode performance. In this study, inoculated carbon brush (IB), abiotic brush (AB), Pt wire (PtW), stainless steel wire (SSW), and mesh (SSM) were tested to find the most suitable counter electrode under different medium conditions. The coefficient of variation (Cv) of maximum current (Imax) was the most decisive indicator of the reproducibility test. This study shows that (i) the electrode used in operation is an appropriate counter electrode in an acetate-added condition, (ii) the anode LSV test should avoid the use of Pt wire as counter electrodes, and (iii) PtW is an appropriate counter electrode in cathode LSV in all conditions. Full article

Esophageal carcinoma is the sixth-leading cause of cancer death worldwide. A precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is Barrett’s Esophagus (BE). Early-stage diagnosis and treatment of esophageal neoplasia (Barrett’s with high-grade dysplasia/intramucosal cancer) increase the five-year survival rate from 10% to 98%. BE is a global challenge; however, current endoscopes for early BE detection are costly and require extensive infrastructure for patient examination and sedation. We describe the design and evaluation of the first prototype of ScanCap, a high-resolution optical endoscopy system with a reusable, low-cost tethered capsule, designed to provide high-definition, blue-green illumination imaging for the early detection of BE in unsedated patients. The tethered capsule (12.8 mm diameter, 35.5 mm length) contains a color camera and rotating mirror and is designed to be swallowed; images are collected as the capsule is retracted manually via the tether. The tether provides electrical power and illumination at wavelengths of 415 nm and 565 nm and transmits data from the camera to a tablet. The ScanCap prototype capsule was used to image the oral mucosa in normal volunteers and ex vivo esophageal resections; images were compared to those obtained using an Olympus CV-180 endoscope. Images of superficial capillaries in intact oral mucosa were clearly visible in ScanCap images. Diagnostically relevant features of BE, including irregular Z-lines, distorted mucosa, and dilated vasculature, were clearly visible in ScanCap images of ex vivo esophageal specimens. Full article

The Valdivian region has a temperate rainy climate with differences in rainfall throughout the year. This heterogeneity results in periods of summer drought that expose the poikilohydric epiphytes to desiccation. With this research, we aim to answer different research questions related to phorophyte preference, response to desiccation, and response to radiation. How does the diversity of macrolichens vary at a local and microclimate scale in three tree species within an evergreen forest? What is the tolerance limit of macrolichens against prolonged desiccation, according to evaluation of the maximum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and pigment concentration? What is the tolerance limit against a potential increase in radiation? We found that macrolichen communities are determined by tree species, which regulate the suitability of the substrate by modifying the temperature and humidity conditions. In addition, our results show a rapid photosynthetic alteration in temporal exposure to desiccation, measured through Fv/Fm and pigment concentration. Our results showed that the most sensitive lichens to radiation and desiccation are not coincident. We confirm the low tolerance of macrolichen species to high radiation, reflected in the saturation profile obtained for the set studied. The lichen community in the evergreen forest showed high complexity and vulnerability, pointing to the importance of more research. Full article

A commercial roadkill Virtual Fence (VF) mitigation device (iPTE Traffic Solutions) was used in a field trial to test its effectiveness, for which previously published results have been inconsistent, along a 4.9 km segment of road on Bruny Island, Tasmania. A total of 585 days of monitoring roadkill by species was conducted, with six sections that were alternatively switched on or off according to the Crossover and Multiple Before–After–Control–Impact (MBACI) experimental designs that divided monitoring into “off–on” then “on–off” periods. Aggregate counts, for each period by section combination, from daily counts of Tasmanian pademelons (Thylogale billardierii) were modelled, with a total count of 222. The statistical analysis used the MBACI design to estimate the VF effect using a log-odds ratio parameter (LORP) while accounting for local spatio-temporal effects. Both versions of the analysis, either averaged over the three spatial replicates (paired sections) or two temporal replicates (blocks), showed no statistically significant effect of the VF, judged as an LORP estimate not sufficiently below zero. Corresponding percentage reduction estimates of 9% and 16% were derived from the LORP. The corresponding statistical power required to detect a nominal significant reduction of 50% in rate was 0.5 and 0.6, respectively. This study confirms the results from a similar previous field trial in southern Tasmania that this VF is likely to lead to, if anything, only a minor reduction in roadkill. Full article

Sensor-based air monitoring instruments (SAMIs) can provide high-resolution air quality data by offering a detailed mapping of areas that air quality monitoring stations (AQMSs) cannot reach. This enhances the precision of estimating PM_2.5 concentration levels for areas that have not been directly measured, thereby enabling an accurate assessment of exposure. The study period was from 30 September to 2 October 2019 in the Guro-gu district, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Four models were applied to assess the suitability of the SAMIs and visualize the temporal and spatial distribution of PM_2.5. Assuming that the PM_2.5 concentrations measured at a SAMI located in the center of the Guro-gu district represent the true values, the PM_2.5 concentrations estimated using QGIS spatial interpolation techniques were compared. The SAMIs were used at seven points (S₁–S₇) according to the distance. Models 3 and 4 accurately estimated the unmeasured points with higher coefficients of determination (R²) than the other models. As the distance from the AQMS increased from S₁ to S₇, the R² between the observed and estimated values decreased from 0.89 to 0.29, respectively. The auxiliary installation of SAMIs could resolve regional concentration imbalances, allowing for the accurate estimation of pollutant concentrations and improved risk assessment for the population. Full article

The problem of large stockpiles of red mud needs to be solved, and the use of red mud to prepare inorganic fibers is a new way of applying red mud on a large scale. The role of CaO/Al₂O₃ in the melting point and melt structure of red mud was investigated by molecular dynamics simulations and thermodynamic calculations. Liquid phase line temperatures for different CaO/Al₂O₃ systems were calculated using the Factsage program. The radial distribution function and the type of oxygen bonding were used to characterize the effect of different CaO/Al₂O₃ on the structure of the red mud melt. The melting point of MgAl₂O₄ is lower than that of CaTiO₃ due to the fact that the type of oxygen bonding in MgAl₂O₄ is predominantly bridging oxygen bonds. When the red mud system has a low SiO₂ content and CaO/Al₂O₃ is between 0.3 and 3.9, the melting point temperature increases significantly, which is not conducive to the fibrillation of the red mud melt. Full article

Computational simulations with data-driven physiological detail can foster a deeper understanding of the neural mechanisms involved in cognition. Here, we utilize the wealth of cellular properties from Hippocampome.org to study neural mechanisms of spatial coding with a spiking continuous attractor network model of medial entorhinal cortex circuit activity. The primary goal is to investigate if adding such realistic constraints could produce firing patterns similar to those measured in real neurons. Biological characteristics included in the work are excitability, connectivity, and synaptic signaling of neuron types defined primarily by their axonal and dendritic morphologies. We investigate the spiking dynamics in specific neuron types and the synaptic activities between groups of neurons. Modeling the rodent hippocampal formation keeps the simulations to a computationally reasonable scale while also anchoring the parameters and results to experimental measurements. Our model generates grid cell activity that well matches the spacing, size, and firing rates of grid fields recorded in live behaving animals from both published datasets and new experiments performed for this study. Our simulations also recreate different scales of those properties, e.g., small and large, as found along the dorsoventral axis of the medial entorhinal cortex. Computational exploration of neuronal and synaptic model parameters reveals that a broad range of neural properties produce grid fields in the simulation. These results demonstrate that the continuous attractor network model of grid cells is compatible with a spiking neural network implementation sourcing data-driven biophysical and anatomical parameters from Hippocampome.org. The software (version 1.0) is released as open source to enable broad community reuse and encourage novel applications. Full article

Mexico generates specific phytosanitary regulations for each product and origin to prevent the entry of quarantine pests and/or delay their spread within the national territory, including fungi and oomycetes. Phytosanitary regulations are established based on available information on the presence or absence of these pathogens in the country; however, the compilation and precise analysis of reports is a challenging task due to many publications lacking scientific rigor in determining the presence of a taxon of phytosanitary interest in the country. This review evaluated various studies reporting the presence of plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes in Mexico and concluded that some lists of diseases and phytopathogenic organisms lack technical-scientific basis. Thus, it highlights the need and presents an excellent opportunity to establish a National Collection of Fungal Cultures and a National Herbarium for obligate parasites, as well as to generate a National Database of Phytopathogenic Fungi and Oomycetes present in Mexico, supported by the combination of morphological, molecular, epidemiological, pathogenicity, symptom, and micrograph data. If realized, this would have a direct impact on many future applications related to various topics, including quarantines, risk analysis, biodiversity studies, and monitoring of fungicide resistance, among others. Full article