Doping inorganic acid ions represents a promising pathway to improving the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂, and oxygen vacancy has been regarded as the determinant factor for photocatalytic activity. A series of samples doped with Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, and SO₄²⁻ was prepared via a simple sol–gel method. Two different oxygen vacancies in the crystal layer of NO₃⁻/TiO₂ and Cl⁻/TiO₂ were found, and those are [Ti³⁺]-V₀-[Ti³⁺] and [Ti³⁺]-Cl, respectively. The photocurrent of NO₃⁻/TiO₂ with [Ti³⁺]-V₀-[Ti³⁺] is significantly greater than that of Cl⁻/TiO₂ with [Ti³⁺]-Cl. The least oxygen vacancy is in the gel layer of SO₄²⁻/TiO₂, and the negligible photocurrent is due to difficulty in forming a stable sol. Furthermore, the process conditions for the application of TiO₂ were investigated in this work. The optimal process parameters are to adjust the solution to pH = 3 during sol–gel preparation, to adopt 550 °C as the calcination temperature, and to use an alkaline electrolyte, while the rest of the preparation conditions remain unchanged. This work reveals a new avenue for designing efficient photocatalysts for air pollutant degradation. Full article

Streaming platforms have revolutionized the digital entertainment industry, but challenges and research opportunities remain to be addressed. One current concern is the lack of transparency in the business model of video streaming platforms, which makes it difficult for content creators to access viewing metrics and receive payments without the intermediary of third parties. Additionally, there is no way to trace payment transactions. This article presents a computational architecture based on blockchain technology to enable transparency in audience management and payments in video streaming platforms. Smart contracts will define the business rules of the streaming services, while middleware will integrate the metadata of the streaming platforms with the proposed computational solution. The proposed solution has been validated through data transactions on different blockchain networks and interviews with content creators from video streaming platforms. The results confirm the viability of the proposed solution in enhancing transparency and auditability in the realm of audience control services and payments on video streaming platforms. Full article

Background: Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) based neuronal differentiation is valuable for studying neuropsychiatric disorders and pharmacological mechanisms at the cellular level. We aimed to examine the effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics on human iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Methods: Proliferation and neurite outgrowth were measured by live cell imaging, and gene expression levels related to neuronal identity were analyzed by RT-QPCR and immunocytochemistry during differentiation into hippocampal dentate gyrus granule cells following treatment of low- and high-dose antipsychotics (haloperidol, olanzapine, and risperidone). Results: Antipsychotics did not modify the growth properties of NPCs after 3 days of treatment. However, the characteristics of neurite outgrowth changed significantly in response to haloperidol and olanzapine. After three weeks of differentiation, mRNA expression levels of the selected neuronal markers increased (except for MAP2), while antipsychotics caused only subtle changes. Additionally, we found no changes in MAP2 or GFAP protein expression levels as a result of antipsychotic treatment. Conclusions: Altogether, antipsychotic medications promoted neurogenesis in vitro by influencing neurite outgrowth rather than changing cell survival or gene expression. This study provides insights into the effects of antipsychotics on neuronal differentiation and highlights the importance of considering neurite outgrowth as a potential target of action. Full article

The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommends a single dose of an aminoglycoside for uncomplicated cystitis caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) and difficult-to-treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, there is very little recent clinical evidence to support this recommendation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a single-dose aminoglycoside for cystitis caused by ESBL-E or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This was a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study. Patients who received ≥3 days of standard of care were compared to patients who received a one-time dose of an aminoglycoside with or without a short course of effective therapy before. The primary outcome was the rate of relapse defined as requiring escalation of antibiotics or starting new antibiotic therapy within 14 days after the completion of antibiotics. A total of 66 patients were included in this study, with 33 patients in each arm. There were more males and complicated cystitis patients in the standard-of-care group. There was no difference found in the rate of relapse. The length of stay was significantly shorter in the aminoglycoside group (4.5 ± 4.4 days vs. 14.1 ± 10.1 days, p < 0.0001). A one-time dose of an aminoglycoside did not increase the risk of relapse and was associated with a shorter length of stay when used to treat cystitis caused by ESBL-E or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Full article

Managing solar energy utilization and water heating in multi-apartment buildings presents formidable challenges due to limited space for solar collector installation. Optimizing heat energy distribution among communal consumers is crucial, necessitating precise regulation of hot water flow from the main system line to individual thermal storage tanks. The objective is to minimize heat and electricity losses while maximizing temperature levels in each tank. An electronic control system, centered around a microcontroller, has been developed with an efficient algorithm, data storage memory, and communication capabilities. The implemented solar heating system is tailored to each individual consumer, incorporating precise measurements for every apartment. This customization enhances efficiency not only for the individual consumer but also benefits the overall solar system within the building. This article explores the development and past outcomes of implementing such a control system, highlighting its significant advantages, particularly in multi-story buildings. Full article

While the past two decades have seen an increase in research into both asexuality and polyamory, little is known about their intersection, that is, people who identify as asexual and engage in polyamorous relationships. Using an online survey, we explored the experiences of participants who identify as asexual or on the ace spectrum (e.g., demisexual, gray-asexual) and were in a polyamorous relationship at the time of the survey (N = 321). The majority of our participants identified as White (79.02%), a plurality identified as women (27.1%), and ages ranged from 18 to 53 years old (M = 29.55, SD = 6.77). Two qualitative questions related to motivations for engaging in polyamory were analyzed for this study (N = 224). The first question asked about personal motivations, and the second asked about partner(s)’s influence. Eight codes emerged across the two questions: Needs fulfillment, Exploration/contemplation, Solution to relationship conflict/personal insecurity, a Desire to connect with multiple people, Personal/relationship growth, Rejecting monogamy, Introduced by partner, and Other/no additional context. One additional code was found in Q2: Reluctance/jealousy/distrust. The most common code overall was Exploration/contemplation. Our findings indicate that fulfilling a partner’s sexual needs was not a primary motivating factor for ace individuals engaged in polyamory. Ace individuals were more likely to describe experiences as exploring their identity and fulfilling personal needs for connection and intimacy. These findings indicate that motivations for engaging in polyamory are not solely centered in fulfilling sexual desires, and they may have larger implications for the what the scope of romantic and sexual relationships can look at outside of a monogamous and heteronormative context. Full article

Backgrounds: Tooth loss in the posterior maxilla often necessitates dental implant placement, but the maxillary sinus anatomy poses challenges, especially during sinus floor elevation. Mesially angled implants are an alternative for total edentulism, but for single tooth deficiencies, palatally angled implants may offer a solution. This study evaluates the prevalence of avoiding sinus floor elevation by placing palatally angled implants in cases with a single missing tooth. Methods: A retrospective study at Ahmet Keleşoğlu Faculty of Dentistry involved 100 participants with a single missing tooth and prior CBCT scans. Virtual implants were placed using OnDemand3D (version 1.0.7462) software. On CBCT sections, implants were angled palatally to avoid sinus or nasal cavity perforation. Statistical analysis was conducted using R and MedCalc (version 4.3.2) software. Results: Of the participants (60% female, average age 50.45), 76 edentulous regions required sinus elevation. The implant placeability rates varied across zones (second molar: 39.3%, first molar: 63.1%, second premolar: 78.5%). Implant placement at a palatal angle was significantly higher in the second premolar and first molar regions. Statistically significant differences were observed in the implant placeability between regions. Conclusions: This study supports the feasibility of avoiding sinus floor elevation through palatally angled implants in specific cases, reducing the associated complications. Full article

Cardiomyopathies (CMs), one of the main causes of sudden death among the young population, are a heterogeneous group of myocardial diseases, usually with a genetic cause. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) has expanded the genes studied for CMs; however, the yield is still around 50%. The systematic study of Copy Number Variants (CNVs) could contribute to improving our diagnostic capacity. These alterations have already been described as responsible for cardiomyopathies in some cases; however, their impact has been rarely assessed. We analyzed the clinical significance of CNVs in cardiomyopathies by studying 11,647 affected patients, many more than those considered in previously published studies. We evaluated the yield of the systematic study of CNVs in a production context using NGS and a novel CNV detection software tool v2.0 that has demonstrated great efficacy, maximizing sensitivity and avoiding false positives. We obtained a CNV analysis yield of 0.8% that fluctuated depending on the type of cardiomyopathy studied (0.29% HCM, 1.41% DCM, 1.88% ARVC, 1.8% LVNC, 1.45% RCM), and we present the frequency of occurrence for 18 genes that agglutinate the 95 pathogenic/likely pathogenic CNVs detected. We conclude the importance of including in diagnostic tests a systematic study of these genetic alterations for the different cardiomyopathies. Full article

Introduction: The suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) is a receptor member belonging to the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family. The ligand and soluble versions are its two isoforms. The IL-33-ST2L ligand complex’s development provides protection against heart fibrosis and hypertrophy. Investigations on heart failure in adults have demonstrated that it does not change by age, body mass index (BMI), creatinine, hemoglobin, and albumin levels, in contrast to NT pro BNP. In adult heart failure patients, it has been demonstrated to be an independent predictor of mortality and cardiovascular events. The most recent guideline recommends using it as class 2b in the diagnosis of adult heart failure. Studies on ST2 in children are rare. The purpose of this study is to assess the prognostic value of ST2 for cardiovascular events in young individuals suffering from heart failure. Method: This study included pediatric patients (0–18 years old) with congenital heart disease or cardiomyopathy who needed medical care, as well as surgical or interventional treatment. Height, weight, gender, saturation, heart failure classification (Ross or NYHA), medications, the electrocardiogram, echocardiography, pro BNP, and sST2 values of the patients, as well as any hospitalization, lower respiratory tract infection, organ dysfunction, or need for angiography or surgery during follow-up data on arrhythmia and death were gathered during a 1-year follow-up. The SPSS software version 25 application was used to carry out the statistical analysis. Results: This study included 59 patients, of whom 27 (46.6%) were male. The average age of the patients was 55.5 months (1–228 months) and the average body weight was 16 kg (2.6–90 kg). Major cardiovascular events occurred in 45 of 59 patients (76.3%). Twenty-four patients experienced one MACE, while twenty-one patients experienced multiple MACEs. Pro BNP and sST2 levels were similar in the groups that developed MACE compared to those that did not. Pro BNP was discovered to be significantly higher in patients with hospitalization, growth retardation, lower respiratory tract infection, and organ failure, however, when assessing each situation (p = 0.001, p = 0.011, p = 0.001, p = 0.007, respectively). Soluble ST2 was found to be higher in patients with growth retardation than in those without (p = 0.037). Although the soluble ST2 level failed to demonstrate a correlation with pro BNP, it did show a positive correlation (r = 0.437) with the Ross score. When compared to other groups, it was discovered to be higher in patients with valvular insufficiency type heart disease. Conclusions: In this study, higher sST2 levels were discovered, particularly in the group with valve insufficiency and children with growth retardation. It was associated with the Ross score, but not with the pro BNP level. Although it increases in correlation with clinical heart failure, its predictive value for MACE is low. Similarly, pro BNP is not proven to be predictive; nonetheless, its high levels in patients with hospitalization, growth retardation, lower respiratory tract infection, and organ failure demonstrate that pro BNP may increase for a variety of causes. Long-term studies with more patients are needed for ST2 to be suitable for clinical use in pediatric patients. Full article

Aroma is one of the key factors for evaluating the quality of green tea. A tender aroma (NX) and floral-like aroma (HX) are two types of high-quality aroma of green tea. In this work, the different aroma types of baked green tea were classified by sensory evaluation. Then, seven tea samples with a typical tender or floral-like aroma were selected for further volatile component analysis by GC-MS. A total of 43 aroma compounds were identified in two different aroma types of baked green tea samples. The PCA showed that linalool, geraniol, 3-hexenyl butyrate, and 3-hexenyl hexanoate were the major volatiles contributing to the HX. On the other hand, most of the alcohol volatiles, such as 1-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 1-dodecanol, 1-hexadecanol, phenylethyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, aldehydes and some hydrocarbons contributed more to the NX. In addition, the chemical composition analysis showed that the content of free amino acids was higher in NX green tea samples, while the content of catechins was relatively higher in HX tea samples. A proteomic analysis revealed that most of the enzymes involved in VPBs pathways, such as phenylalanine ammonialyase, peroxidase, and shikimate-O-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, were more abundant in NX than in HX tea samples. These results laid a foundation for the aroma formation mechanism of different aroma types of baked green tea and provided some theoretical guidance for the breeding of specific aroma varieties. Full article

This article presents a novel dataset focused on structural damage in quadcopters, addressing a significant gap in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV or drone) research. The dataset is called CrazyPAD (Crazyflie Propeller Anomaly Data) according to the name of the Crazyflie 2.1 nano-quadrocopter used to collect the data. Despite the existence of datasets on UAV anomalies and behavior, none of them covers structural damage specifically in nano-quadrocopters. Our dataset, therefore, provides critical data for developing predictive models for defect detection in nano-quadcopters. This work details the data collection methodology, involving rigorous simulations of structural damages and their effects on UAV performance. The ultimate goal is to enhance UAV safety by enabling accurate defect diagnosis and predictive maintenance, contributing substantially to the field of UAV technology and its practical applications. Full article

Background: Various treatment modalities have been employed for mechanical low back pain (MLBP), but evidence of their efficacy varies greatly. Objectıve: This randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the outcomes of Mulligan concept applications, including sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGS) and natural apophyseal glides (NAGS), in obese patients with MLBP. Methods: The study, conducted between January 2021 and June 2022 at a tertiary hospital, involved randomizing patients into two groups. Both groups underwent six sessions of stretching and strengthening exercises every other day. The Mulligan group received additional intervention with SNAG and NAGS techniques. Measurements were made regarding the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score and range of motion (ROM) for the patients’ MLBP level. Results: Post-interventions, both groups exhibited positive changes in flexion ROM, extension ROM, right and left rotation ROM, right and left lateral flexion ROM, VAS score, and ODI score compared to pre-intervention (p < 0.001 for both groups and variables). The Mulligan group showed a higher increase in ROM and a more significant decrease in VAS and ODI scores. Conclusıons: Mulligan mobilization techniques prove significantly beneficial for enhancing ROM in all directions, reducing pain levels, and alleviating disability in obese individuals with MLBP. Full article

Support for political violence by fundamentalist religious movements is both wide-spread and problematic, and now especially in Christian fundamentalist circles. To address this, this essay describes important components of the sophisticated ascetic and contemplative theory of spirituality of the fourth-century desert Christian spiritual master Evagrius of Pontus. Then, based on his theory, this essay offers guidance to modern-day Christian and non-Christian clergy who want to avoid alienating their congregations through partisan political stances, but who nevertheless seek to reduce those mental, emotional, and relational pathologies in their congregations which predispose passive and active support for political violence. Full article

Smoking is an established risk factor for a variety of malignant tumors, the most well-known of which is lung cancer. Various molecular interactions are known to link tobacco smoke exposure to lung cancer, but new data are still emerging on the effects of smoking on lung cancer development, progression, and tumor response to therapy. In this study, we reveal in further detail the previously established association between smoking and hsa-mir-301a activity in lung squamous cell carcinoma, LUSC. Using different bioinformatic tools, we identified IRF1 as a key smoking-regulated target of hsa-mir-301a in LUSC. We further confirmed this relationship experimentally using clinical LUSC tissue samples and intact lung tissue samples. Thus, increased hsa-mir-301a levels, decreased IRF1 mRNA levels, and their negative correlation were shown in LUSC tumor samples. Additional bioinformatic investigation for potential pathways impacted by such a mechanism demonstrated IRF1’s multifaceted role in controlling the antitumor immune response in LUSC. IRF1 was then shown to affect tumor immune infiltration, the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, and the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy. As a result, here we suggest a smoking-regulated mir301a/IRF1 molecular axis that could modulate the antitumor immune response and immunotherapy efficacy in LUSC, opening up novel opportunities for future research. Full article

Light controls the developmental, physiological, morphological, and metabolic responses of many fungi. Most fungi respond primarily to blue, red, and green light through their respective photoreceptors. In this study, a screening of different light wavelengths’ effects on submerged Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation in baffled flasks was conducted. P. ostreatus growth was not inhibited in all tested conditions, while an equal or higher protein content was observed in comparison with dark conditions. Red and green light favored exopolysaccharide (EPS) production while red and blue light favored intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) production. To focus on EPS production, the effect of red and green light wavelengths on the production of the polysaccharide via submerged cultivation of P. ostreatus LGAM 1123 was tested. Submerged cultivation using red light in baffled flasks resulted in EPS production of 4.1 ± 0.4 g/L and IPS content of 23.1 ± 1.4% of dry weight (dw), while green light resulted in EPS production of 4.1 ± 0.2 g/L and 44.8 ± 5.2% dw IPS content. Similar production levels were achieved in a 3.5 L bioreactor using red light. The EPS produced using red light revealed a polysaccharide with a higher antioxidant activity compared to the polysaccharides produced by green light. In addition, the analysis of the crude polysaccharides has shown differences in biochemical composition. The structural differences and β glucan’s existence in the crude polysaccharides were confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Overall, these polysaccharides could be used in the food industry as they can enhance the functional health-promoting, physicochemical, and sensory properties of food products. Full article

The increasing utilization of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus has raised interest regarding their impact on thyroid function. In fact, while these agents are well known for their efficacy in glycemic control and weight management, their association with thyroid disorders requires clarification due to the complex interplay between thyroid hormones and metabolic pathways. Thyroid dysfunction commonly co-occurs with metabolic conditions such as diabetes and obesity, suggesting a profound interconnection between these systems. This review aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the interaction between GLP-1 RAs and thyroid dysfunction and to clarify the safety of GLP-1 RAs in diabetic patients with thyroid disorders. By synthesizing existing evidence, this review highlights that, despite various studies exploring this topic, current evidence is inconclusive, with conflicting results. It is important to note that these drugs are relatively recent, and longer-term studies with larger sample sizes are likely needed to draw clearer conclusions. Currently, no existing guidelines provide definitive directions on this clinical issue; however, it is advisable to include thyroid function tests in the routine screening of diabetic patients, particularly those treated with GLP-1 Ras, with the goal of optimizing patient care and management. Full article

This research aimed to analyze the relationship between deforestation (DFT) and climatic variables during the rainy (CHU+) and less-rainy (CHU−) seasons in the Tapajós River basin. Data were sourced from multiple institutions, including the Climatic Research Unit (CRU), Center for Weather Forecasts and Climate Studies (CPTEC), PRODES Program (Monitoring of Brazilian Amazon Deforestation Project), National Water Agency (ANA) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NCEP/NOAA). The study assessed anomalies (ANOM) in maximum temperature (TMAX), minimum temperature (TMIN) and precipitation (PREC) over three years without the occurrence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) atmospheric–oceanic phenomenon. It also examined areas with higher DFT density using the Kernel methodology and analyzed the correlation between DFT and climatic variables. Additionally, it assessed trends using the Mann–Kendall technique for both climatic and environmental data. The results revealed significant ANOM in TEMP and PREC. In PREC, the highest values of ANOM were negative in CHU+. Regarding temperature, the most significant values were positive ANOM in the south, southwest and northwestern regions of the basin. Concerning DFT density, data showed that the highest concentration was of medium density, primarily along the highways. The most significant correlations were found between DFT and TEMP during the CHU− season in the Middle and Lower Tapajós sub-basins, regions where the forest still exhibits more preserved characteristics. Furthermore, the study identified a positive trend in TEMP and a negative trend in PREC. Full article

Accurately measuring leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) is crucial for monitoring maize growth. This study aims to rapidly and non-destructively estimate the maize LCC during four critical growth stages and investigate the ability of phenological parameters (PPs) to estimate the LCC. First, four spectra were obtained by spectral denoising followed by spectral transformation. Next, sensitive bands (R_λ), spectral indices (SIs), and PPs were extracted from all four spectra at each growth stage. Then, univariate models were constructed to determine their potential for independent LCC estimation. The multivariate regression models for the LCC (LCC-MR) were built based on SIs, SIs + R_λ, and SIs + R_λ + PPs after feature variable selection. The results indicate that our machine-learning-based LCC-MR models demonstrated high overall accuracy. Notably, 83.33% and 58.33% of these models showed improved accuracy when the R_λ and PPs were successively introduced to the SIs. Additionally, the model accuracies of the milk-ripe and tasseling stages outperformed those of the flare–opening and jointing stages under identical conditions. The optimal model was created using XGBoost, incorporating the SI, R_λ, and PP variables at the R3 stage. These findings will provide guidance and support for maize growth monitoring and management. Full article

The reciprocal modulation between the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis and the STAT3 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the progression of various diseases and neoplasms. Activation of the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis triggers the STAT3 pathway through multiple mechanisms, while the STAT3 pathway also regulates the expression of CXCL12. This review offers a thorough and systematic analysis of the reciprocal regulatory mechanisms between the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 signaling axis and the STAT3 signaling pathway in the context of diseases, particularly tumors. It explores the potential clinical applications in tumor treatment, highlighting possible therapeutic targets and novel strategies for targeted tumor therapy. Full article

Complex gut microbiota increases chickens’ resistance to enteric pathogens. However, the principles of this phenomenon are not understood in detail. One of the possibilities for how to decipher the role of gut microbiota in chickens’ resistance to enteric pathogens is to systematically characterise the gene expression of individual gut microbiota members colonising the chicken caecum. To reach this aim, newly hatched chicks were inoculated with bacterial species whose whole genomic sequence was known. Total protein purified from the chicken caecum was analysed by mass spectrometry, and the obtained spectra were searched against strain-specific protein databases generated from known genomic sequences. Campylobacter jejuni, Phascolarctobacterium sp. and Sutterella massiliensis did not utilise carbohydrates when colonising the chicken caecum. On the other hand, Bacteroides, Mediterranea, Marseilla, Megamonas, Megasphaera, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Escherichia coli and Succinatimonas fermented carbohydrates. C. jejuni was the only motile bacterium, and Bacteroides mediterraneensis expressed the type VI secretion system. Classification of in vivo expression is key for understanding the role of individual species in complex microbial populations colonising the intestinal tract. Knowledge of the expression of motility, the type VI secretion system, and preference for carbohydrate or amino acid fermentation is important for the selection of bacteria for defined competitive exclusion products. Full article

Bridges are one of the most critical and costly structures on road networks. Thus, their integrity and operation must be preserved to prevent safety concerns and connectivity losses after seismic events. Recent large-magnitude earthquakes have revealed a series of vulnerabilities in multi-span highway bridges. In particular, skewed bridges have been severely damaged due to their susceptibility to developing excessive in-plane deck rotations and span unseating. Although seismic design codes have been updated to prescribe larger seating lengths and have incorporated unseating prevention devices, such as shear keys and cable restrainers, research on the seismic performance of skewed bridges with passive energy-dissipation devices is still limited. Therefore, this study focuses on assessing the effectiveness of implementing hysteretic dampers on skewed bridges. With that aim, dampers with and without recentering capabilities are designed and incorporated in representative Chilean skewed bridges to assess their contribution to seismic performance. Three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models, multiple-stripe analysis, and fragility curves are utilized to achieve this objective. The results show that incorporating bidirectional dampers can effectively improve the seismic performance of skewed bridges at different hazard levels by limiting in-plane deck rotations independently of their skew angle. Additionally, the influence of external shear keys and damper hysteretic behavior is analyzed, showing that these parameters have a low influence on bridge performance when bidirectional dampers are incorporated. Full article