Abstract
Atmospheric CO2 anomaly (△XCO2) is essential in evaluating regional carbon balance. However, it is difficult to understand △XCO2 variation characteristics due to regional differences. This paper explored the inter-annual and inter-monthly variation patterns of △XCO2 in different regions of China based on satellite observations. The relation model between regional △XCO2 and anthropogenic emissions, gross primary productivity (GPP), wind speed, upwind region’s emission, and upwind region’s CO2 concentration was established. Results show that the annual average △XCO2 in the northwest and southeast regions is stable at around 0 and 1–2 ppm, respectively. Some municipalities directly under the central government and the southern coastal areas showed relatively intense inter-annual fluctuations. Four inter-monthly △XCO2 variation patterns were observed: the northern region has a stable change, the northeast region has the lowest in summer, the southwest region has the highest in summer, and the central region has no obvious change rule. Furthermore, △XCO2 in most areas can be explained by the emission–absorption–transportation model. Significant positive △XCO2 in the southern coastal region in summer may be related to the stable GPP seasonal variation and increased power generation. In the southwestern plateau region, it may be related to the low wind speed and increased soil emission with rising temperature. The stability of the plateau carbon sink and inter-regional cooperation cannot be ignored for improving regional atmospheric environments.
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Availability of data and materials
The OCO-2 data products are available from Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center, https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/. Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2 (ODIAC) are available from Center for Global Environmental Research, http://db.cger.nies.go.jp/dataset/ODIAC/. MODIS GPP data products (MYD17A2HGF) are available at https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/tools/data-pool/. Wind speed and direction data are available at http://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets. China monthly average temperature data sets are available at http://www.geodata.cn/.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the NASA Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Services Center for providing OCO-2 data products, and the NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC), USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center for providing MODIS data products, the NIES GOSAT and GOSAT-2 projects for providing support to ODIAC products, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data center for providing wind speed and direction data, the National Earth System Science Data Center of China for providing monthly average temperature datasets, and the National Bureau of Statistics data query platform of China for providing monthly power generation data.
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This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFB0505301) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41671383).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Ying Fu designed the experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the first draft. Wenbin Sun proposed key ideas and gave suggestions for the manuscript. Fuli Luo participated in the data processing. Yuan Zhang and Xinru Zhang participated in material preparation and data collection. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Fu, Y., Sun, W., Luo, F. et al. Variation patterns and driving factors of regional atmospheric CO2 anomalies in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 19390–19403 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17139-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17139-5