Background: For its simplicity, the eikonal method is the tool of choice to analyze nuclear reactions at high energies ($E>100$ MeV/nucleon), including knockout reactions. However, so far, the effective interactions used in this method are assumed to be fully local.

Purpose: Given the recent studies on nonlocal optical potentials, in this work we assess whether nonlocality in the optical potentials is expected to impact reactions at high energies and then explore different avenues for extending the eikonal method to include nonlocal interactions.

Method: We compare angular distributions obtained for nonlocal interactions (using the exact R-matrix approach for elastic scattering and the adiabatic distorted wave approximation for transfer) with those obtained using their local-equivalent interactions.

Results: Our results show that transfer observables are significantly impacted by nonlocality in the high-energy regime. Because knockout reactions are dominated by stripping (transfer to inelastic channels), nonlocality is expected to have a large effect on knockout observables too. Three approaches are explored for extending the eikonal method to nonlocal interactions, including an iterative method and a perturbation theory.

Conclusions: None of the derived extensions of the eikonal model provide a good description of elastic scattering. This paper suggests that nonlocality removes the formal simplicity associated with the eikonal model.

• Received 28 May 2021
• Accepted 14 September 2021

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.104.034624