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Hydro-geochemistry-based appraisal of summer-season groundwater from three different semi-arid basins of northeast Mexico for drinking and irrigation

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Abstract

Summer-season groundwater from three agricultural basins (i.e., El Potosi, Sandia and Cieneguilla) in drought-prone northeast Mexico was assessed for drinking and irrigation by evaluating their physicochemical parameters with respect to the World Health Organization Guidelines for drinking water quality (WHO, Geneva, 2011) standards, and by estimating water quality indices (DWQI and IWQI). Facies of Ca–Mg–HCO3, Ca–Mg–Cl and Ca–Mg–SO4 mostly reflected the influences of aquifer lithologies. Ca exceeded WHO (2011) maximum allowable limit in most of the samples due to dissolution of gypsum-bearing limestone. Most of the samples (69–93%) were in excellent and good categories (DWQI < 100) for drinking and the samples of poor to very poor categories (7–31%) had salinity above the recommendation of WHO (2011). Fluoride of > 1.5 mg/L in 13% samples from the El Potosi Basin could expose some population to dental and skeletal fluorosis. Similarly, nitrate (> 42 mg/L), mostly from synthetic fertilizers, in 13% samples of the Sandia Basin might affect human health through methemoglobinemia in infants. In the context of irrigation suitability, the samples with > 75% permeability in the Donnen classification are good for irrigation. US Regional Salinity Laboratory classification, however, grouped most groundwater the from El Potosi Basin (medium-salinity hazard) as suitable for irrigation, whereas most samples from the Cieneguilla Basin and half of the samples from Sandia Basin (high-salinity hazard) should only be used to irrigate salt-tolerant plants with enhanced drainage condition. IWQI values also suggested that most samples (low-restriction category) are suitable only for irrigating light texture and moderately permeable soils. The groundwater management in this region should involve practices to increase water holding capacity of the substrate and modify the frequency of watering as per plant demand.

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Acknowledgements

Data presented were obtained with financial support from Programa de Investigación en Cambio Climático (PINCC) of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) through a research grant (2020) to PDR. The authors are thankful to Dr. Jose Luis Sanchez-Zavala, Irma Vargas-Martinez and Guillermo Vera-Vera for the field and laboratory assistances. The suggestions and comments from the reviewers and the editors are thankfully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico

    Priyadarsi D. Roy & Olivia Zamora-Martínez

  2. Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, 628008, India

    S. Selvam

  3. Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico

    S. Gopinath

  4. Department of Remote Sensing, Centre for Disaster Management and Coastal Research, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620023, India

    Chokkalingam Lakshumanan

  5. French Institute of Pondicherry, 11, St. Louis Street, Pondicherry, 605001, India

    Gowrappan Muthusankar

  6. Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, Col. Carboneras, Mineral de la Reforma, CP 42184, Pachuca, Mexico

    Jesús D. Quiroz-Jiménez

  7. Department of Disaster Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India

    S. Venkatramanan

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This article is part of a Topical Collection in Environmental Earth Sciences on Groundwater quality and contamination and the application of GIS, guest edited by Narsimha Adimalla and Hui Qian.

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Roy, P.D., Selvam, S., Gopinath, S. et al. Hydro-geochemistry-based appraisal of summer-season groundwater from three different semi-arid basins of northeast Mexico for drinking and irrigation. Environ Earth Sci 80, 529 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09828-8

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