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Comparative effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on soleus muscle fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5, myonectin and glucose transporter type 4 gene expressions: a study on the diabetic rat model

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Abstract

Background

The increase in fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), myonectin, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) leads to a decrease in diabetes; meanwhile, exercise training can affect these factors. The result regarding the comparison between the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and that of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) is confusing. Thus, the present study investigated the comparative effects of HIIT and MICT on soleus muscle FNDC5, myonectin, and GLUT4 gene expressions in the diabetic rat model.

Methods and results

Seventy-two male Wistar rats (weight 200 g ± 20) were randomly and equally assigned to six groups: control-healthy, MICT-healthy, HIIT-healthy, control-diabetes, MICT-diabetes, and HIIT-diabetes. At the first level, Streptozotocin (STZ) was utilized to induce diabetes in rats (at a dose of 55 mg/kg). After that, the training groups performed HIIT and MICT programs on the rodent treadmill for 6 weeks (five-session/week). Twenty-four hours after the last intervention, soleus muscle was removed, and sent to a research facility for future examinations. HIIT and MICT increased the muscle FNDC5, myonectin, and GLUT4 gene expression compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The type of training had no significant effect on the FNDC5 (P > 0.05), while the MICT program induced a greater increase in the myonec ztin and GLUT4 compared to the HIIT program (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, a positive relationship between all variables was observed.

Conclusions

Exercise training has a beneficial effect on diabetes conditions via the effect of FNDC5, myonectin, and GLUT4. Due to the correlation between myonectin and GLUT4 shown in the present study, physical activity may alter myonectin through its effect on GLUT requiring further investigation by subsequent studies.

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Data availability

All raw data used to analyze these results are freely available on reasonable request.

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Funding

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Education, Pardis Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pardis, Iran

    Saleh Rahmati-Ahmadabad

  2. Department of Biology, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Rostamkhani

  3. Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Gholam Hossein Meftahi

  4. Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hossein Shirvani

Authors
  1. Saleh Rahmati-Ahmadabad
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  2. Fatemeh Rostamkhani
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  3. Gholam Hossein Meftahi
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  4. Hossein Shirvani
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Contributions

HSH conceived the study. SRA and FR carried out the experiments. GHM and SRA provided methodological advice and materials. HSH and FR wrote the manuscript. All authors agreed upon the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hossein Shirvani.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This study was conducted following the National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidelines. Moreover, this study was performed with the written permission of the research deputy of Baqiyatallah University and has an ethical code (IR.BMSU.REC.1396.649).

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Rahmati-Ahmadabad, S., Rostamkhani, F., Meftahi, G.H. et al. Comparative effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on soleus muscle fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5, myonectin and glucose transporter type 4 gene expressions: a study on the diabetic rat model. Mol Biol Rep 48, 6123–6129 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06633-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06633-1

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