Abstract
The influence of early spring sea ice at Barents Sea on midsummer rainfall in Northeast China (NEC) is identified based on observational analyses and atmospheric modeling experiments in this study. Increased sea ice area (SIA) in the Barents Sea is ensued by positive rainfall anomalies at north of NEC and by negative anomalies at south, and vice verse. Specifically, due to a good seasonal persistence from spring to summer, the preceding sea ice anomalies exert an impact on midsummer surface air temperature anomalies and vertical stability over Barents Sea via the modulation on turbulent heat flux. The anomalous circulation is further triggered over Europe and the Mediterranean Sea through meridional vertical cells, with a barotropic structure. Accordingly, an effective Rossby wave source is excited over the eastern Mediterranean by the advection of vorticity by divergence wind, and causes an eastward propagation of Silk Road Pattern to East Asia. In addition, another SIA-related wave-like train can diffuse directly southeastward from Arctic to NEC in a polar path. Observations and numerical simulations indicate that, in response to increased sea ice at Barents Sea, an anomalous cyclone emerges over NEC, along with easterly or southeasterly over north of NEC and with northwesterly over south, leading to moisture convergence anomalies at north and divergence anomalies at south. Jointly, ascending (descending) motion anomalies favors a wet (dry) summer over north (south) of NEC.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Budikova D (2009) Role of Arctic sea ice in global atmospheric circulation: a review. Globe Planet Change 68:149–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.04.001
Chen D, Sun JQ, Gao Y (2019) Distinct impact of the Pacific multi-decadal oscillation on precipitation in Northeast China during April in different Pacific multi-decadal oscillation phases. Int J Climatol. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6291
Chen GS, Huang RH (2012) Excitation mechanisms of the teleconnection patterns affecting the July precipitation in northwest China. J Clim 25:7834–7851. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00684.1
Fan K, Xie ZM, Wang HJ, Xu ZQ, Liu JP (2018) Frequency of spring dust weather in North China linked to sea ice variability in the Barents Sea. Clim Dyn 51:4439–4450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3515-7
Gao YQ, Coauthors, (2015) Arctic sea ice and Eurasian climate: A review. Adv Atmos Sci 32:92–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-014-0009-6
Gimeno L, Vázquez M, Eiras-Barca J, Sorí R, Algarra I, Nieto R (2019) Atmospheric moisture transport and the decline in Arctic Sea ice. WIREs Clim Change 10:e588. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.588
Han TT, Chen HP, Wang HJ (2015) Recent changes in summer precipitation in Northeast China and the background circulation. Int J Climatol 35:4210–4219. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4280
Han TT, He SP, Wang HJ, Hao X (2019a) Variation in principal modes of midsummer precipitation over Northeast China and its associated atmospheric circulation. Adv Atmos Sci. 36:55–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-018-8072-z
Han TT, He SP, Wang HJ, Hao X (2018) Enhanced influence of early-spring tropical Indian Ocean SST on the following early-summer precipitation over Northeast China. Clim Dyn 51:4065–4076. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3669-y
Han TT, Wang HJ, Sun JQ (2017) Strengthened relationship between eastern ENSO and summer precipitation over Northeastern China. J Clim 30:4497–4512. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0551.1
Han TT, Wang HJ, Hao X, Li SF (2019b) Seasonal prediction of midsummer extreme precipitation days over Northeast China. J Appl Meteorol Climtol 58:2033–2048. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-18-0253.1
He SP (2015) Asymmetry in the Arctic Oscillation teleconnection with January cold extremes in Northeast China. Atmos Oceanic Sci Lett 8:386–391. https://doi.org/10.3878/AOSL20150053
He SP, Gao YQ, Furevik T, Wang HJ, Li F (2018) Teleconnection between sea ice in the Barents Sea in June and the Silk Road, Pacific-Japan and East Asian rainfall patterns in August. Adv Atmos Sci 35:52–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-017-7029-y
Hong XW, Lu RY (2016) The meridional displacement of the summer Asian jet, silk road pattern, and tropical SST anomalies. J Clim 29:3753–3766. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0541.1
Hoskins BJ, Ambrizzi T (1993) Rossby wave propagation on a realistic longitudinally varying flow. J Atmos Sci 50:1661–1671. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050,1661:RWPOAR.2.0.CO;2
Hu KX, Lu RY, Wang DH (2010) Seasonal climatology of cut-off lows and associated precipitation patterns over Northeast China. Meteor Atmos Phys 106:37–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-009-0049-0
Huang BY, Coauthors, (2017) Extended reconstructed sea surface temperature version 5 (ERSSTv5), Upgrades, validations, and intercomparisons. J Clim 30:8179–8205. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0836.1
Hurrell JW, Hack JJ, Shea D, Caron JM, Rosinski J (2008) A new sea surface temperature and sea ice boundary dataset for the community atmosphere model. J Clim 21:5145–5153. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2292.1
Johannessen OM, Coauthors, (2004) Arctic climate change: observed and modelled temperature and sea-ice variability. Tellus 56A:328–341. https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v56i4.14418
Kalnay E, Coauthors, (1996) The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull Amer Meteorol Soc 77:437–471. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077%3c0437:TNYRP%3e2.0.CO;2
Kosaka Y, Nakamura H, Watanabe M, Kimoto M (2009) Analysis on the dynamics of a wave-like teleconnection pattern along the summertime Asian jet based on a reanalysis dataset and climate model simulations. J Meteor Soc Japan 87:561–580. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.87.561
Kug JS, Coauthors, (2015) Two distinct influences of Arctic warming on cold winters over North America and East Asia. Nat Geosci 8:759–762. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2517
Li F, Wang HJ, Gao YQ (2014) On the strengthened relationship between East Asian winter monsoon and Arctic Oscillation: A comparison of 1950–1970 and 1983–2012. J Clim 57:5075–5091. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00335.1
Li F, Wang HJ, Gao YQ (2015) Change in sea ice cover is responsible for non-uniform variation in winter temperature over East Asia. Atmos Oceanic Sci Lett 8:376–382. https://doi.org/10.3878/AOSL20150039
Lin ZD, Li F (2018) Impact of interannual variations of spring sea ice in the Barents Sea on East Asian rainfall in June. Atmos Oceanic Sci Lett 11:275–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/16742834.2018.1454249
Liu JP, Curry JA, Wang HJ, Song MR, Horton RM (2012) Impact of declining Arctic sea ice on winter snowfall. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:4074–4079. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1114910109
Liu Y, Coauthors, (2020) Role of Autumn Arctic Sea Ice in the subsequent Summer Precipitation variability over East Asia. Int J Climatol 40:706–722. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6232
Liu Y, Chen HP, Wang HJ, Sun JQ, Li H, Qiu YB (2019) Modulation of the Kara Sea ice variation on the ice freeze-up time in Lake Qinghai. J Clim 32:2553–2568. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0636.1
Lu RY, Oh JH, Kim BJ (2002) A teleconnection pattern in upper-level meridional wind over the North African and Eurasian continent in summer. Tellus 54A:44–55. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0870.2002.00248x
Parkinson CL, Cavalieri DJ, Gloersen P, Zwally HJ, Comiso JC (1999) Arctic sea ice extents, areas, and trends, 1978–1996. J Geophys Res: Ocean 104:20837–20856. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JC900082
Petoukhov V, Semenov VA (2010) A link between reduced Barents-Kara sea ice and cold winter extremes over northern continents. J Geophys Res: Atmos 115:D21111. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013568
Plumb RA (1985) On the three-dimensional propagation of stationary waves. J Atmos Sci 42:217–229. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1985)042%3c0217:OTTDPO%3e2.0.CO;2
Rayner NA, Coauthors, (2003) Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. J Geophys Res 108:4407. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002670
Sardeshmukh PD, Hoskins BJ (1988) The generation of global rotational flow by steady idealized tropical divergence. J Atmos Sci 45:1228–1251. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045%3c1228:TGOGRF%3e2.0.CO;2
Serreze MC, Holland MM, Stroeve J (2007) Perspectives on the Arctic’s shrinking sea ice cover. Science 315:533–1536. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1139426
Serreze MC, Meier WN (2019) The Arctic’s sea ice cover: trends, variability, predictability, and comparisons to the Antarctic. Annals New York Academy Sci 1436:36–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13856
Shen BZ, Lin ZD, Lu RY, Lian Y (2011) Circulation anomalies associated with interannual variation of early- and late-summer precipitation in Northeast China. Sci China Earth Sci 54:1095–1104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-011-4173-6
Sun JQ, Wang HJ (2012) Changes of the connection between the summer North Atlantic Oscillation and the East Asian summer rainfall. J Geophys Res 117:D08110. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017482
Sun L, Shen BZ, Sui B, Huang BH (2017) The influences of East Asian summer monsoon on summer precipitation in Northeast China. Clim Dyn 48:1657–1659. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3165-9
Tetzlaff A, Kaleschke L, Lüpkes C, Ament F, Vihma T (2013) The impact of heterogeneous surface temperatures on the 2-m air temperature over the Arctic Ocean under clear skies in spring. Cryosphere 7:153–166. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-153-2013
Wei JF, Zhang XD, Wang ZM (2019) Reexamination of Fram Strait sea ice export and its role in recently accelerated Arctic sea ice retreat. Clim Dyn 53:1823–1841. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04741-0
Wang HJ, Chen HP, Liu JP (2015) Arctic sea ice decline intensified haze pollution in eastern China. Atmos Oceanic Sci Lett 8:1–9. https://doi.org/10.3878/AOSL20140081
Wang HJ, He SP (2015) The North China/Northeastern Asia severe summer drought in 2014. J Clim 28:6667–6681. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0202.1
Wang ZY, Ding YH (2009) Impacts of the long-term change of the summer Asian polar vortex on the circulation system and the water vapor transport in East Asia. Chin J Geophys 52:20–29
Wu BY, Zhang RH, D’Arrigo R (2008) Arctic dipole anomaly and summer rainfall in Northeast China. Chin Sci Bull 53:2222–2229
Wu BY, Zhang RH, Wang B, D’Arrigo R (2009) On the association between spring Arctic sea ice concentration and Chinese summer rainfall. Geophys Res Lett 36:L09501. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL037299
Wu J, Gao XJ (2013) A gridded daily observation dataset over China region and comparison with the other datasets. Chin J Geophys 56:1102–1111
Xu ZQ, Fan K, Wang HJ (2015) Decadal variation of summer precipitation over China and associated atmospheric circulation after the Late 1990s. J Clim 28:4086–4106. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00464.1
Yao XP, Dong M (2000) Research on the features of summer rainfall in Northeast China. Quarterly J Appl Meteor 11:297–303. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-7313.2000.03.006
Yasui S, Watanabe M (2010) Forcing processes of the summertime circumglobal teleconnection pattern in a dry AGCM. J Clim 23:2093–2114. https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI3323.1
Zhang PF, Coauthors, (2018) A stratospheric pathway linking a colder Siberia to Barents-Kara Sea sea ice loss. Sci Adv. 4:eaat6025. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat6025
Zhou BT, Xu Y, Wu J, Dong SY, Shi Y (2016) Changes in temperature and precipitation extreme indices over China: Analysis of a high-resolution grid dataset. Int J Climatol 36:1051–1066. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4400
Acknowledgments
This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 42025502, 41805046, 41875118 and 41875119).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Han, T., Zhang, M., Zhu, J. et al. Impact of early spring sea ice in Barents Sea on midsummer rainfall distribution at Northeast China. Clim Dyn 57, 1023–1037 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05754-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05754-4