Background/Objectives: Recurrent shoulder instability following Bankart lesion repair often necessitates surgical revision. This systematic review aims to understand the failure rates of arthroscopic revision Bankart repair. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines and registered on PROSPERO, this systematic review examined twenty-five articles written between 2000 and 2024. Two independent reviewers assessed eligibility across three databases, focusing on recurrent instability as the primary endpoint, while also noting functional measures, adverse events, revision operations, and return-to-sport rates when available. Results: The key surgical techniques for recurrent instability post-Bankart repair were identified, with revision arthroscopic Bankart being the most common (685/1032). A comparative analysis revealed a significantly lower recurrence for open coracoid transfer compared to arthroscopic revision Bankart repair (9.67% vs. 17.14%; p < 0.001), while no significant difference was observed between remplissage plus Bankart repair and Bankart repair alone (23.75% vs. 17.14%; p = 0.24). The majority of studies did not include supracritical glenoid bone loss or engaging Hill–Sachs lesions, and neither subcritical nor non-engaging lesions significantly influenced recurrence rates (p = 0.85 and p = 0.80, respectively). Conclusions: Revision arthroscopic Bankart repair remains a viable option in the absence of bipolar bone loss; however, open coracoid transfer appears to have lower recurrence rates than arthroscopic Bankart repair, consistent with prior evidence. Further studies should define cutoffs and investigate the roles of critical glenoid bone loss and off-track Hill–Sachs lesions. Preoperative measurements of GBL on three-dimensional computed tomography and characterizing lesions based on glenoid track will help surgeons to choose ideal candidates for arthroscopic revision Bankart repair. Full article

Although there is a link between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and atrial fibrillation (AF) and numerous investigations have examined the mechanism of AF development in OSA patients, which includes cardiac remodeling, inflammation, and gap junction-related conduction disorder, there is limited information regarding the differences between the sexes. This study analyzes the impact of sex differences on the expression of cardiac remodeling, inflammatory cytokines, and gap junctions in patients with OSA and AF. A total of 154 individuals diagnosed with sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) were enrolled in the study and underwent polysomnography and echocardiography. Significant OSA was defined as an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) of ≥15 per hour. Exosomes were purified from the plasma of all SRBD patients and incubated in HL-1 cells to investigate their effects on inflammatory cytokines and GJA1 expression. The differences in cardiac remodeling and expression of these biomarkers in both sexes were analyzed. Of the 154 enrolled patients, 110 patients were male and 44 patients were female. The LA sizes and E/e’ ratios of male OSA patients with concomitant AF were greater than those of control participants and those without AF (all p < 0.05). Meanwhile, female OSA patients with AF had a lower left ventricular ejection fraction than those OSA patients without AF and control subjects (p < 0.05). Regarding the expression of inflammatory cytokines and GJA1, the mRNA expression levels of GJA1 were lower and those of IL-1β were higher in those male OSA patients with AF than in those male OSA patients without AF and control subjects (p < 0.05). By contrast, mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α were higher in those female OSA patients with and without AF than in control subjects (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our study revealed sex-specific differences in the risk factors and biomarkers associated with AF development in patients with OSA. Full article

Climate change has made weather patterns less predictable, making situations more challenging for farmers throughout the production process. This study investigates the impact of climatic variables (maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall, humidity at 8 AM and 5 PM) and fertilizer application on wheat production in Bahawalnagar district, a major wheat producing region of Punjab, Pakistan. The study utilizes the Mann–Kendall and multiple linear regression analysis to check climatic trends and identify the factors influencing wheat yield from 1991 to 2022. The study utilized a regression model to compare actual and predicted wheat yields. The results showed a decreasing trend in rainfall and an increasing trend in both maximum and minimum temperatures during the wheat growing season. Sen’s slope values for maximum temperature (0.037), minimum temperature (0.007), humidity at 8 AM (0.275), and humidity at 5 PM (0.167) indicate the direction and magnitude of trends. The regression model explained about 92% of the variance in the wheat yield. The regression analysis of humidity at both 8 AM (p = 0.001) and 5 PM (p = 0.001) shows a significant positive correlation with wheat yield. Fertilizer use exhibited a significant positive association with wheat yield (β = 9.58). Fertilizer application for wheat crops increased from 112.4 kg/ha in 1991 to 284.3 kg/ha in 2021. The regression model identifies that the average wheat yield loss from 1991 to 2022 is approximately 0.1208 t/ha per year because of the influence of climatic factors. The study findings underscore the importance of the utilization of adaptive agricultural practices that can ensure food security and improve agricultural sustainability in the region. Full article

The aggregation of graphene oxide (GO) during the hydration process limits its wide application. Polymer superplasticizers have been used to improve the dispersion state of GO due to their adsorption and site-blocking effects, though the formation of a large amount of foam during the mixing process weakens the mechanical properties of cement. A highly dispersed amphoteric polycarboxylate superplasticizer-stabilized graphene oxide (APC/GO) toughening agent was prepared by electrostatic self-assembly. Results demonstrate that the APC/GO composite dispersed well in a cement pore solution due to the steric effect offered by the APC. Additionally, the well-dispersed GO acted as an antifoaming agent in the cement since GO nanosheets can be absorbed at the air–liquid interface of APC foam via electrostatic interactions and eliminate the air-entraining effect. The well-dispersed APC/GO sheets promoted cement hydration and further refined its pore structure owing to the nucleation effect. The flexural and compressive strength of the cement containing the APC/GO composite were enhanced by 21.51% and 18.58%, respectively, after a 7-day hydration process compared with a blank sample. The improved hydration degree, highly polymerized C-S-H gel, and refined pore structure provided enhanced mechanical properties. Full article

Neuroblastoma is the most common malignant extracranial solid tumor of childhood. Recent studies involving the application of advanced high-throughput “omics” techniques have revealed numerous genomic alterations, including aberrant coding-gene transcript levels and dysfunctional pathways, that drive the onset, growth, progression, and treatment resistance of neuroblastoma. Research conducted in the past decade has shown that long non-coding RNAs, once thought to be transcriptomic noise, play key roles in cancer development. With the recent and continuing increase in the amount of evidence for the underlying roles of long non-coding RNAs in neuroblastoma, the potential clinical implications of these RNAs cannot be ignored. In this review, we discuss their biological mechanisms of action in the context of the central driving mechanisms of neuroblastoma, focusing on potential contributions to the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of this disease. We also aim to provide a clear, integrated picture of future research opportunities. Full article

The alveoli, critical sites for gas exchange in the lungs, comprise alveolar epithelial cells and pulmonary capillary endothelial cells. Traditional experimental models rely on porous polyethylene terephthalate or polycarbonate membranes, which restrict direct cell-to-cell contact. To address this limitation, we developed AlveoMPU, a new foam-based mortar-like polyurethane-formed alveolar model that facilitates direct cell–cell interactions. AlveoMPU features a unique anisotropic mortar-shaped configuration with larger pores at the top and smaller pores at the bottom, allowing the alveolar epithelial cells to gradually extend toward the bottom. The underside of the film is remarkably thin, enabling seeded pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells to interact with alveolar epithelial cells. Using AlveoMPU, it is possible to construct a bilayer structure mimicking the alveoli, potentially serving as a model that accurately simulates the actual alveoli. This innovative model can be utilized as a drug-screening tool for measuring transepithelial electrical resistance, assessing substance permeability, observing cytokine secretion during inflammation, and evaluating drug efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Full article

Remote sensing-based techniques have been widely used for chlorophyll content (C_ab) estimations, while they are challenging when transferred across different species. Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) provides a new approach to address these issues. This research explores whether SIF has transferability for C_ab estimation and to enhance between-species transferability. Here, three rice datasets and a rapeseed dataset were collected. Initially, direct transfer models were constructed using partial least squares regression (PLSR) based on SIF yield (SIFY) and reflectance, respectively. Subsequently, methods were employed within the rice datasets to improve the models’ transferability. Finally, the between-species transferability of two data sources was validated in the rapeseed dataset. Direct transfer models indicated that the reflectance-based model exhibited a higher accuracy in predicting C_ab when the training dataset acquired sufficient features, whereas the SIFY-based model showed better performance with fewer features. Spectral preprocessing methods can enhance the transferability, especially for SIFY-based models. In addition, supplementing 10% of out-of-sample data significantly improved the transferability. The proposed methods only require a small amount of new data to extend the original model for predicting C_ab in other species. Specifically, the new method reduced the average RMSE based on SIFY and reflectance models by 23.59% and 35.51%, respectively. Full article

This work aims to investigate the effect of liquid physical properties on the behavior of binary droplets impact on the heated smooth aluminum alloy plate with a high-speed imaging system. Two groups of mixed solutions with similar boiling point differences are selected as the working liquid, in which the low-boiling-point components are both ethanol and the high-boiling point components are propanol and water, respectively. Compared to the ethanol/propanol binary droplets, the experimental results show that the ethanol/water binary droplets have diverse impact phenomena and significantly broad transition boiling regimes, as well as the reduced droplet residence time and increased Leidenfrost temperature point. With the decreasing ethanol content in ethanol/water binary droplets, these effects become more prominent. For secondary atomization, the ethanol/water binary droplet undergoes parent droplet breakup into fragment droplets with larger diameters (D_s > 0.3 mm). Both binary droplets produce satellite droplets with small diameters (D_s < 0.3 mm) by puffing and ejection. In terms of the ethanol/propanol binary droplet impact, the probability of puffing is higher and the satellite droplet diameters are small. In the ethanol/water binary droplet impact, the probability of ejection is higher and the satellite droplet diameter distribution is wider. When an ethanol/water binary droplet of 25 vol.% ethanol content impacts the heated wall at T_s = 120 °C, a novel large bubble shrinkage phenomenon occurs at the late stage of droplet evaporation. This phenomenon is proposed to be relevant to the increasing surface tension and saturation temperature with decreasing ethanol content, as well as the decreasing ambient temperature above the top surface of the bubble. Full article

Game platforms have different impacts on player experience in terms of affective states and workloads. By studying these impacts, we can uncover detailed aspects of the gaming experience. Traditionally, understanding player experience has relied on subjective methods, such as self-reported surveys, where players reflect on their experience and effort levels. However, complementing these subjective measures with electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis introduces an objective approach to assessing player experience. In this study, we examined player experiences across PlayStation 5, Nintendo Switch, and Meta Quest 2. Using a mixed-methods approach, we merged subjective user assessments with EEG data to investigate brain activity, affective states, and workload during low- and high-stimulation games. We recruited 30 participants to play two games across three platforms. Our findings reveal that there is a statistically significant difference between these three platforms for seven out of nine experience factors. Also, three platforms have different impacts on play experience and brain activity. Additionally, we utilized a linear model to associate player experience aspects such arousal, frustration, and mental workload with different brain regions using EEG data. Full article

Hybridization is an important evolutionary force, and heterosis describes the phenomenon where hybrids exhibit superior traits compared to their parents. This study aimed to evaluate the one-hundred-seed weight and fatty acid content in F₁ generations, investigating the effects of different parental crosses using a 9 × 3 incomplete diallel design (NCII). One of the challenges faced in this study was the complexity of accurately determining the influence of both genetic and environmental factors on trait inheritance. A total of 36 F₁ crosses were analyzed for general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and heritability. The results showed that the level of each index in F₁ is closely related to its parents. Significant differences in GCA and SCA were observed among parental traits in most crosses. The ratio of GCA to SCA ranged from 0 to 3, indicating the pivotal role of SCA over GCA in castor breeding efforts. High narrow-sense heritability was recorded in palmitic acid (30.98%), oleic acid (28.68%), and arachidonic acid (21.34%), suggesting that these traits are predominantly under the control of additive gene action, and hence these characters can be improved by selection. Additionally, heterosis exhibited diverse patterns across traits. Based on the evaluated combining ability, heritability, and heterosis, the inbred lines CSR181 and 20111149 were recommended for castor crossbreeding due to their potential to yield progeny with optimal oil-related traits. This research contributes valuable knowledge to the field of castor breeding, providing a foundation for developing superior castor cultivars. Full article

The complex mechanical system of a rice combine harvester not only has various excitation sources, but also, the vibration transmission path between each working device and the vibration contribution characteristics to the frame are not clear, so it is difficult to perform a reduction vibration design for the sharp vibration of the rice combine harvester frame. Therefore, based on the comparison and improvement of multiple classical transfer path analysis methods, this paper analyzed the vibration transfer characteristics and transfer characteristics of each harvester by the discrete time matrix method and operating path method. In the Experimental section, through the vibration characteristic experiment firstly, this paper obtained the power spectrum variation and the most needed optimized path in the transmission path of each device under each operating condition. Secondly, through frame simulation analysis under the exciting force, we obtained the vibration damping areas that needs to be optimized. Finally, the damping optimization experiment connected with the vibration characteristic experiment, and the excitation force simulation analysis was performed. The results of the damping optimization experiment displayed that the maximum change value of the vibration acceleration of the cutting table decreased from 7.862 m·s⁻² to 3.522 m·s⁻², decreasing by 55.2%, and the peak amplitude of the multipoint test in the cab was 5.4, 5.3, 1.7 and 2.0 μm, respectively, which was significantly reduced, so the optimization effect was significant. This study provides theoretical support for the vibration reduction optimization of a rice combine harvester frame. Full article

It is important to reduce the building load and downsize the heat source equipment capacity during construction or renovation carried out toward the achievement of carbon neutrality by 2050 in Japan. However, this sometimes results in the oversizing of the heat source equipment capacity, despite the fact that designers are engaged in the implementation of safety designs while attempting to balance between cost and risk. This study investigated the simultaneous usage ratio of heating based on occupant behavior in an apartment building with the aim of optimizing this capacity. This ratio was defined as a peak load-based approach rather than simultaneity based on the number of people using the system. First, the analysis was conducted for the heating load characteristics for each dwelling unit and each household composition. The subject of this case study was an apartment building located in Sapporo, Japan. Based on these data, a method for creating the curve of the simultaneous usage ratio to avoid a combinatorial explosion was suggested. As a result, the ratio created for about 200 dwelling units was 53.6% in an apartment building and generally stabilized when the number of dwelling units exceeded 30. Finally, a case study was attempted to analyze the influence of changes in household composition on the ratio. If the method proposed in this study for creating the curve of simultaneous usage ratios were to be applied in not only this case study but also in case studies of non-residential buildings such as offices, new results about the curves of ratios that differ from those of apartment buildings could be obtained. Therefore, this case study provides a methodology for statistically quantifying the simultaneous usage ratio as one of the factors in determining the appropriate heat source equipment capacity in the design stage. Full article

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite advancements in treatment, the prognosis for patients with GBM remains poor due to its aggressive nature and resistance to therapy. CRISPR-based genetic screening has emerged as a powerful tool for identifying genes crucial for tumor progression and treatment resistance, offering promising targets for tumor therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advancements in CRISPR-based genetic screening approaches and their applications in GBM. We highlight how these approaches have been used to uncover the genetic determinants of GBM progression and responsiveness to various therapies. Furthermore, we discuss the ongoing challenges and future directions of CRISPR-based screening methods in advancing GBM research. Full article

Given the crucial role of the personalized management and treatment of hearing loss (HL), etiological investigations are performed early on, and genetic analysis significantly contributes to the determination of most syndromic and nonsyndromic HL cases. Knowing hundreds of syndromic associations with HL, little comprehensive data about HL in genomic disorders due to microdeletion or microduplications of contiguous genes is available. Together with the description of a new patient with a novel 3.7 Mb deletion of the Xq21 critical locus, we propose an unreported literature review about clinical findings in patients and their family members with Xq21 deletion syndrome. We finally propose a comprehensive review of HL in contiguous gene syndromes in order to confirm the role of cytogenomic microarray analysis to investigate the etiology of unexplained HL. Full article

Due to the frequent impact of external risks, scientific tourism risk assessment has become the primary task to be implemented in the process of tourism development. Especially with the development of self-driving travel, cross-regional tourism corridors have become an important tourism carrier. However, compared to traditional fixed-location tourism, cross-regional tourism introduces a more intricate landscape of risks. Therefore, there is a pressing need to assess the tourism risks inherent in these corridors. There are many cross-regional tourism corridors in the Tibetan Plateau, but the natural environment of the Tibetan Plateau brings great risks to these tourism corridors. That is why this study focuses on the Tibetan Plateau’s tourism corridors, employing methodologies such as the Analytic Hierarchy Process, entropy weight method, geographic information systems (GIS) spatial analysis, and others to delve into their tourism risk profiles and the influencing factors. Our findings reveal elevated tourism risks across the Tibetan Plateau’s corridors, notably concentrated along the Yunnan–Tibet Line, north Sichuan–Tibet Line, Xinjiang–Tibet Line, Tangfan Ancient Road, Qinghai–Tibet Line, and south Sichuan–Tibet Line. Furthermore, Geodetector was employed to scrutinize the factors influencing tourism risk within the Tibetan Plateau’s corridors, identifying tourism resource endowment, geographical location, precipitation patterns, and economic foundations as primary influencers. Notably, the interaction between these factors exacerbates the overall tourism risk. These insights significantly contribute to the field of tourism risk research and provide a scientific basis for formulating robust tourism safety management strategies within the Tibetan Plateau region. Full article

Perilla frutescens var. acuta (Lamiaceae) is widely used not only as an oil or a spice, but also as a traditional medicine to treat colds, coughs, fever, and indigestion. As an ongoing effort, luteolin-7-O-diglucuronide (1), apigenin-7-O-diglucuronide (2), and rosmarinic acid (3) isolated from P. frutescens var. acuta were investigated for their anti-adipogenic and thermogenic activities in 3T3-L1 cells. Compound 1 exhibited a strong inhibition against adipocyte differentiation by suppressing the expression of Pparg and Cebpa over 52.0% and 45.0%, respectively. Moreover, 2 inhibited the expression of those genes in a dose-dependent manner [Pparg: 41.7% (5 µM), 62.0% (10 µM), and 81.6% (50 µM); Cebpa: 13.8% (5 µM), 18.4% (10 µM), and 37.2% (50 µM)]. On the other hand, the P. frutescens var. acuta water extract showed moderate thermogenic activities. Compounds 1 and 3 also induced thermogenesis in a dose-dependent manner by stimulating the mRNA expressions of Ucp1, Pgc1a, and Prdm16. Moreover, an LC-MS/MS chromatogram of the extract was acquired using UHPLC-MS² and it was analyzed by feature-based molecular networking (FBMN) and the Progenesis QI software (version 3.0). The chemical profiling of the extract demonstrated that flavonoids and their glycoside derivatives, including those isolated earlier as well as rosmarinic acid, are present in P. frutescens var. acuta. Full article

The gut microbiota constitutes a complex ecosystem that has an important impact on host health. In this study, genetically engineered zebrafish with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS or NOS2) knockout were used as a model to investigate the effects of nos2a/nos2b gene single knockout and nos2 gene double knockout on intestinal microbiome composition and function. Extensive 16S rRNA sequencing revealed substantial changes in microbial diversity and specific taxonomic abundances, yet it did not affect the functional structure of the intestinal tissues. Notably, iNOS-deficient zebrafish demonstrated a decrease in Vibrio species and an increase in Aeromonas species, with more pronounced effects observed in double knockouts. Further transcriptomic analysis of the gut in double iNOS knockout zebrafish indicated significant alterations in immune-related and metabolic pathways, including the complement and PPAR signaling pathways. These findings underscore the crucial interplay between host genetics and gut microbiota, indicating that iNOS plays a key role in modulating the gut microbial ecology, host immune system, and metabolic responses. Full article

Recently, as global climate change and local disturbances such as wildfires continue, long- and short-term changes in the high-latitude vegetation systems have been observed in various studies. Although remote sensing technology using optical satellites has been widely used in understanding vegetation dynamics in high-latitude areas, there has been limited understanding of various landscape changes at different spatiotemporal scales, their mutual relationships, and overall long-term landscape changes. The objective of this study is to devise a change monitoring strategy that can effectively observe landscape changes at different spatiotemporal scales in the boreal ecosystems from temporally sparse time series remote sensing data. We presented a new post-classification-based change analysis scheme and applied it to time series Landsat data for the central Yakutian study area. Spectral variability between time series data has been a major problem in the analysis of changes that make it difficult to distinguish long- and short-term land cover changes from seasonal growth activities. To address this issue effectively, two ideas in the time series classification, such as the stepwise classification and the lateral stacking strategies were implemented in the classification process. The proposed classification results showed consistently higher overall accuracies of more than 90% obtained in all classes throughout the study period. The temporal classification results revealed the distinct spatial and temporal patterns of the land cover changes in central Yakutia. The spatiotemporal distribution of the short-term class illustrated that the ecosystem disturbance caused by fire could be affected by local thermal and hydrological conditions of the active layer as well as climatic conditions. On the other hand, the long-term class changes revealed land cover trajectories that could not be explained by monotonic increase or decrease. To characterize the long-term land cover change patterns, we applied a piecewise linear model with two line segments to areal class changes. During the former half of the study period, which corresponds to the 2000s, the areal expansion of lakes on the eastern Lena River terrace was the dominant feature of the land cover change. On the other hand, the land cover changes in the latter half of the study period, which corresponds to the 2010s, exhibited that lake area decreased, particularly in the thermokarst lowlands close to the Lena and Aldan rivers. In this area, significant forest decline can also be identified during the 2010s. Full article

Street food may be a vehicle of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to humans. Foods contaminated with ARB entail serious problems or challenges in the fields of medical care, animal husbandry, food industry, and public health worldwide. The objectives of this systematic review were to identify and evaluate scientific reports associated with ARB isolated from various street foods. “Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis” (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The bibliographic material covers a period from January 2015 to April 2024. Six electronic scientific databases were searched individually for full-text articles; only those papers that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. Seventeen papers were included in this systematic review. This study highlighted the wide distribution of ARB resistant to β-lactams and other antibiotics, posing significant health risks to consumers. High resistance levels were observed for antibiotics such as ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and tetracycline, while some antibiotics, such as ceftazidime, clavulanic acid, cefoperazone, cotrimoxazole, doxycycline, doripenem, fosfomycin, vancomycin, and piperacillin-tazobactam, demonstrated 100% susceptibility. The prevalence of ARB in street foods varied between 5.2% and 70.8% among different countries. The multiple resistance of various bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, and Klebsiella, to multiple classes of antibiotics, as well as environmental factors contributing to the spread of antibiotic resistance (AR), emphasize the urgent need for comprehensive approaches and coordinated efforts to confront antimicrobial resistance (AMR) under the “One Health” paradigm. Full article

This study addresses the challenges of the expanding global online retail market by developing an innovative inventory management strategy that promotes sustainable development. We propose an integrated planning model that utilizes a newly enhanced Parallel Chicken Swarm Optimization (PCSO) algorithm alongside the established Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model and the (s, S) inventory policy. Our model demonstrates its effectiveness through simulation experiments, showcasing its ability to dynamically adjust inventory thresholds based on daily forecasted demand, which significantly optimizes replenishment strategies. Notably, our model achieves a total cost reduction while maintaining a high service level of 0.761467 and reduces computational time to 82.32 s, highlighting its efficiency and adaptability. The innovation of this research lies in the application of the PCSO algorithm to dynamically manage inventory in real-time, aligning with sustainable inventory management practices. This study significantly contributes to the field by enhancing the economic and environmental sustainability of supply chain operations. Full article

Abstract: Existing studies need to pay more attention to the policy mechanisms of how to promote the development of cultural and creative industries through coordinating multi-stakeholder participation. Based on evolutionary game theory, this study constructs a three-party evolutionary game model to analyze the behavioral patterns of the government, cultural and creative enterprises, and consumers under different support policies. In addition, it takes the Chinese intangible cultural heritage of “Huaihe willow weaving” as a typical case for simulation. The results show that the probability of the system converging to the expected equilibrium point is low after implementing the certification policy, but the probability of the system converging to the expected equilibrium is significantly increased after implementing the incentive policy. Producer subsidies have significant advantages over consumer subsidies. At this stage, the government should consider jointly implementing the “certification + incentives” policy in phases to promote the development of cultural and creative industries. Full article

Physiological disorders impact the yield and quality of marketable fruit in tomato. Puffy fruit caused by cavities inside the locule can be problematic for processing and fresh market quality. In this paper, we used a recombinant inbred line (RIL) and three derived processing tomato populations to map and validate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fruit puffiness across environments. Binary interval mapping was used for mapping the incidence of fruit puffiness, and non-parametric interval mapping and parametric composite interval mapping were used for mapping severity. Marker–trait regressions were carried out to validate putative QTLs in subsequent crosses. QTLs were detected on chromosome (Chr) 1, 2, and 4. Only the QTL on Chr 1 was validated in progeny from subsequent crosses. This QTL explained up to 22.5% of the variance in the percentage of puffy fruit, with a significant interaction between loci on Chr 2 and 4, increasing the percentage of puffy fruit by an additional 15%. The allele responsible for puffy fruit on Chr 1 was inherited from parent FG02-188 and was dominant towards increased incidence and severity. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) for the QTL on Chr 1 was as efficient as genomic selection (GS) in reducing the incidence and severity of puffy fruit, despite the potential contribution of other loci. Full article