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Projected changes in the seasonal cycle of extreme rainfall events from CORDEX simulations over Central Africa

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Abstract

This study explores the potential response of the seasonal cycle of extreme rainfall indices over Central Africa (CA) to the global warming for both the middle (2029–2058) and late twenty-first century (2069–2098), based on analysis of multi-model ensembles mean of fifteen regional climate models (RCMs) simulations. Although few dry/wet biases are still evident, for the present day climate, the RCMs ensemble mostly outperforms the driving global climate models, with a better representation of the seasonal cycle of various rainfall indices over two key sub-regions of CA chosen according to their particular rainfall patterns. Both middle and late twenty-first century project a non-significant decrease in total wet-day rainfall amount over the two analysed sub-regions, with peaks found during pre-monsoon months. We also found a significant decrease in wet-day frequency which was consistent with decreases in total wet-day rainfall amount, while wet-day intensity is projected to significantly increase. These results suggest that the decrease in total wet-day rainfall amount could be associated with less frequent events and not with their intensity. The results also have shown that dry (wet) spells are projected to significantly increase (decrease) over both sub-regions with shorter (longer) dry (wet) spells projected during pre-monsoon months. Consequently, countries within these two sub-regions could experience a more extended dry season, and therefore would be exposed to high drought risk in the future under global warming. However, changes in maximum 1-day rainfall amount, maximum 5-day rainfall amount, and 95th percentile are projected to significantly increase during monsoon months, with the maximum 1-day rainfall amount recording largest increases. Additionally, the total amount of rainfall events above the 95th percentile projects a significant increase of about 10–45 % during monsoon months, while the total number of occurrence of rainfall events above the 95th percentile projects a slight significant decrease of 4–8 % during pre-monsoon months but more pronounced for the late twenty-first century. This implies that in the future, extremes rainfall events could be more intense both in terms of rainfall amount and intensity during monsoon months. Such changes are likely to amplify the probability of flood risks during monsoon months over CA, particularly the two sub-regions. This study could therefore be an important input for disaster preparedness, adaptation planning, and mitigation strategies for Central African countries.

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Acknowledgments

The first author gratefully acknowledge all researcher of LPAO-SF for their close collaboration during his stay at Dakar. This work is part of the LMI DYCOFAC initiative for which we would like to express our gratitude. We would like to thank the GERICS for providing the REMO datasets through the project “Climate Change Scenarios for the Congo Basin”. We are also grateful to all other modelling groups that performed CORDEX and CMIP5 simulations used in this study, which are freely available through the website “https://climate4impact.eu/impactportal/data/esgfsearch.jsp”. Many thanks also go to the two anonymous reviewers along with the editor for their constructive suggestions, which have greatly improved the quality of the paper.

Funding

This work was supported by the inter-university/intra-ACP mobility program PAFROID, which has been funded with the support of the European Commission (reference 384201-EM-1-2013-1-MG-INTRA_ACP).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Climate Change Research Laboratory (CCRL), National Institute of Cartography, P.O. Box 157, Yaounde, Cameroon

    Thierry C. Fotso-Nguemo

  2. Laboratory for Environmental Modelling and Atmospheric Physics (LEMAP), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon

    Thierry C. Fotso-Nguemo & Derbetini A. Vondou

  3. Department of Geography, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Ismaïla Diallo

  4. Laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère et de l’Océan Siméon Fongang (LPAO-SF), Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, P.O. Box 5085, Dakar, Sénégal

    Moussa Diakhaté & Amadou T. Gaye

  5. Laboratoire Mixte International “Dynamique des écosystèmes continentaux d’Afrique Centrale en contexte de changements globaux” (LMI DYCOFAC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, P.O. Box 1857, Yaounde, Cameroon

    Derbetini A. Vondou

  6. Département de Physique, Unité de Formation et de Recherches en Sciences et Technologies (UFR-ST), Université Assane Seck, P.O. Box 523, Ziguinchor, Sénégal

    Mamadou L. Mbaye

  7. Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Fischertwiete 1, Hamburg, Germany

    Andreas Haensler

  8. Laboratory of Mechanics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon

    Clément Tchawoua

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  1. Thierry C. Fotso-Nguemo
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  2. Ismaïla Diallo
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  3. Moussa Diakhaté
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  4. Derbetini A. Vondou
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  5. Mamadou L. Mbaye
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  6. Andreas Haensler
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  7. Amadou T. Gaye
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  8. Clément Tchawoua
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Correspondence to Thierry C. Fotso-Nguemo.

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Fotso-Nguemo, T.C., Diallo, I., Diakhaté, M. et al. Projected changes in the seasonal cycle of extreme rainfall events from CORDEX simulations over Central Africa. Climatic Change 155, 339–357 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02492-9

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