The effects of dynamic payoff matrices on evolution of cooperation are studied based on the prisoner’s dilemma game on a two-dimensional square lattice. The study is conducted by simulation and an analytical theory based on mean-field approximation. Payoff matrices are designed to evolve depending on a ratio of defectors (or cooperators) to the whole population. Dynamic payoff matrices are necessary to describe evolution of a society whose payoff may be affected by the results of actions of the members in the society. Introducing such payoff matrices helps to model dynamic aspects of societies.

• Received 26 March 2001

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.65.026112