Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Modeling and Measuring the Flux Reconnected and Ejected by the Two-Ribbon Flare/CME Event on 7 November 2004

  • Published:
Solar Physics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Observations of the large two-ribbon flare on 7 November 2004 made using SOHO and TRACE data are interpreted in terms of a three-dimensional magnetic field model. Photospheric flux evolution indicates that −1.4×1043 Mx2 of magnetic helicity was injected into the active region during the 40-hour buildup prior to the flare. The magnetic model places a lower bound of 8×1031 ergs on the energy stored by this motion. It predicts that 5×1021 Mx of flux would need to be reconnected during the flare to release the stored energy. This total reconnection compares favorably with the flux swept up by the flare ribbons, which we measure using high-time-cadence TRACE images in 1 600 Å. Reconnection in the model must occur in a specific sequence that would produce a twisted flux rope containing significantly less flux and helicity (1021 Mx and −3×1042 Mx2, respectively) than the active region as a whole. The predicted flux compares favorably with values inferred from the magnetic cloud observed by Wind. This combined analysis yields the first quantitative picture of the flux processed through a two-ribbon flare and coronal mass ejection.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Barnes, G., Longcope, D.W., Leka, K.D.: 2005, Astrophys. J. 629, 561.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, M.A.: 1984, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 30, 79.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, M.A., Field, G.B.: 1984, J. Fluid. Mech. 147, 133.

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, T.E., Lites, B.W.: 2003, Solar Phys. 213, 213.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bothmer, V., Schwenn, R.: 1998, Ann. Geophys. 16, 1.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Burlaga, L.F.: 1988, J. Geophys. Res. 93, 7217.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Burlaga, L., Sittler, E., Mariani, F., Schwenn, R.: 1981, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 6673.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Carmichael, H.: 1964, In: Hess, W.N. (ed.) AAS-NASA Symposium on the Physics of Solar Flares, NASA, Washington, 451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chae, J.: 1999, J. Korean Astron. Soc. 32, 137.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Chae, J.: 2001, Astrophys. J. 560, L95.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Choe, G.S., Cheng, C.Z.: 2000, Astrophys. J. 541, 449.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Dasso, S., Mandrini, C.H., Démoulin, P., Farrugia, C.J.: 2003, J. Geophys. Res. 108(10), SSH 3,1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dasso, S., Mandrini, C.H., Démoulin, P., Luoni, M.L., Gulisano, A.M.: 2005a, Adv. Space Res. 35, 711.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Dasso, S., Mandrini, C.H., Luoni, M.L., Gulisano, A.M., Nakwacki, M.S., Pohjolainen, S., van Driel-Gesztelyi, L., Démoulin, P.: 2005b, In: Fleck, B., Zurbuchen, T. (eds.) Solar Wind 11/SOHO 16, Connecting Sun and Heliosphere, 605.

  • Dasso, S., Nakwacki, M., Démoulin, P., Mandrini, C.H.: 2007, Solar Phys. (this issue).

  • Démoulin, P.: 2006, Adv. Space Res. 37, 1269.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Démoulin, P., Berger, M.A.: 2003, Solar Phys. 215, 203.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, W.C., Asbridge, J.R., Bame, S.J., Montgomery, M.D., Gary, S.P.: 1975, J. Geophys. Res. 80, 4181.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, L., Pollock, J.A., Potts, H.E.: 2004, Solar Phys. 222, 279.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, L., Metcalf, T.R., Alexander, D., Brown, D.S., Ryder, L.A.: 2001, Astrophys. J. 554, 451.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Forbes, T.G., Priest, E.R.: 1984, In: Butler, D., Papadopoulos, K. (eds.) Solar Terrestrial Physics: Present and Future, NASA, Washington, 35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gosling, J.T.: 1990, In: Russel, C.T., Priest, E.R., Lee, L.C. (eds.) Physics of Magnetic Flux Ropes, Geophys. Monogr. 58, AGU, Washington, 343.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gosling, J.T., Baker, D.N., Bame, S.J., Feldman, W.C., Zwickl, R.D., Smith, E.J.: 1987, J. Geophys. Res. 92, 8519.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gosling, J.T., Birn, J., Hesse, M.: 1995, Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 869.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Greene, J.M.: 1988, J. Geophys. Res. 93(A8), 8583.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gulisano, A.M., Dasso, S., Mandrini, C.H., Démoulin, P.: 2005, J. Atmos. Solar Terr. Phys. 67, 1761.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Handy, B.N., Acton, L.W., Kankelborg, C.C., Wolfson, C.J., Akin, D.J., Bruner, M.E., Caravalho, R., Catura, R.C., Chevalier, R., Duncan, D.W., Edwards, C.G., Feinstein, C.N., Freeland, S.L., Friedlaender, F.M., Hoffmann, C.H., Hurlburt, N.E., Jurcevich, B.K., Katz, N.L., Kelly, G.A., Lemen, J.R., Levay, M., Lindgren, R.W., Mathur, D.P., Meyer, S.B., Morrison, S.J., Morrison, M.D., Nightingale, R.W., Pope, T.P., Rehse, R.A., Schrijver, C.J., Shine, R.A., Shing, L., Strong, K.T., Tarbell, T.D., Title, A.M., Torgerson, D.D., Golub, L., Bookbinder, J.A., Caldwell, D., Cheimets, P.N., Davis, W.N., Deluca, E.E., McMullen, R.A., Warren, H.P., Amato, D., Fisher, R., Maldonado, H., Parkinson, C.: 1999, Solar Phys. 187, 229.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Harra, L.K., Crooker, N.U., Mandrini, C.H., van Driel-Gesztelyi, L., Dasso, S., Wang, J., Elliott, H., Attrill, G., Jackson, B.V., Bisi, M.M.: 2007, Solar Phys. (this issue).

  • Hesse, M., Schindler, K.: 1988, J. Geophys. Res. 93(A6), 5559.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirayama, T.: 1974, Solar Phys. 34, 323.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hood, A.W., Priest, E.R.: 1979, Solar Phys. 64, 303.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hornig, G., Schindler, K.: 1996, Phys. Plasmas 3, 781.

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R.F., Gilman, P.A., Gilman, P.I.: 1984, Astrophys. J. 283, 373.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, Q., Sonnerup, B.U.Ö.: 2002, J. Geophys. Res. 107, SSH 10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, J.D.: 1975, Classical Electrodynamics, Wiley, New York.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Klimchuk, J.A., Sturrock, P.A., Yang, W.-H.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 335, 456.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kopp, R.A., Pneuman, G.W.: 1976, Solar Phys. 50, 85.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lau, Y.-T., Finn, J.M.: 1990, Astrophys. J. 350, 672.

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Leamon, R.J., Canfield, R.C., Jones, S.L., Lambkin, K., Lundberg, B.J., Pevtsov, A.A.: 2004, J. Geophys. Res. 109, 5106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lepping, R.P., Burlaga, L.F., Jones, J.A.: 1990, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 11957.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lepping, R.P., Acuna, M.H., Burlaga, L.F., Farrell, W.M., Slavin, J.A., Schatten, K.H., Mariani, F., Ness, N.F., Neubauer, F.M., Whang, Y.C., Byrnes, J.B., Kennon, R.S., Panetta, P.V., Scheifele, J., Worley, E.M.: 1995, Space Sci. Rev. 71, 207.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Longcope, D.: 2005, Liv. Rev. Solar Phys. 2 (online article).

  • Longcope, D.W.: 1996, Solar Phys. 169, 91.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Longcope, D.W.: 2001, Phys. Plasmas 8, 5277.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Longcope, D.W., Klapper, I.: 2002, Astrophys. J. 579, 468.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Longcope, D.W., Magara, T.: 2004, Astrophys. J. 608, 1106.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Longcope, D.W., Silva, A.V.R.: 1998, Solar Phys. 179, 349.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Longcope, D.W., Ravindra, B., Barnes, G.: 2007, Astrophys. J. (in press).

  • Longcope, D.W., McKenzie, D., Cirtain, J., Scott, J.: 2005, Astrophys. J. 630, 596.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lundquist, S.: 1950, Ark. Fys. 2, 361.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Luoni, M.L., Mandrini, C.H., Dasso, S., van Driel-Gesztelyi, L., Démoulin, P.: 2005, J. Atmos. Solar Terr. Phys. 67, 1734.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mandrini, C.H., Pohjolainen, S., Dasso, S., Green, L.M., Démoulin, P., van Driel-Gesztelyi, L., Copperwheat, C., Foley, C.: 2005, Astron. Astrophys. 434, 725.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Marubashi, K.: 1997, In: Crooker, N., Joselyn, J., Feynman, J. (eds.) Coronal Mass Ejectsions, Geophys. Monogr. 99, AGU, Washington, 147.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAllister, A.H., Martin, S.F., Crooker, N.U., Lepping, R.P., Fitzenreiter, R.J.: 2001, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 29, 185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mikic, Z., Barnes, D.C., Schnack, D.D.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 328, 830.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Nightingale, R.W.: 2000, private communications.

  • November, L.J., Simon, G.W.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 333, 427.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pneuman, G.W.: 1983, Solar Phys. 88, 219.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Poletto, G., Kopp, R.A.: 1986, In: Neidig, D.F. (ed.) The Lower Atmospheres of Solar Flares, National Solar Observatory, Tucson, 453.

    Google Scholar 

  • Priest, E.R., Hornig, G., Pontin, D.I.: 2003, J. Geophys. Res. 108, 6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qiu, J., Ding, M.D., Wang, H., Denker, C., Goode, P.R.: 2000, Astrophys. J. 544, L157.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Qiu, J., Lee, J., Gary, D.E., Wang, H.: 2002, Astrophys. J. 565, 1335.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Scherrer, P.H., Bogart, R.S., Bush, R.I., Hoeksema, J.T., Kosovichev, A.G., Schou, J., Rosenberg, W., Springer, L., Tarbell, T.D., Title, A., Wolfson, C.J., Zayer, I., MDI Engineering Team: 1995, Solar Phys. 162, 129.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Sturrock, P.A.: 1968, In: IAU Symp. 35: Structure and Development of Solar Active Regions, 471.

  • Sweet, P.A., 1958, In: Lehnert, B. (ed.) Electromagnetic Phenomena in Cosmical Physics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 123.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Ballegooijen, A.A., Martens, P.C.H.: 1989, Astrophys. J. 343, 971.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Warren, H.P., Antiochos, S.K.: 2004, Astrophys. J. 611, L49.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Webb, D.F., Lepping, R.P., Burlaga, L.F., DeForest, C.E., Larson, D.E., Martin, S.F., Plunkett, S.P., Rust, D.M.: 2000, J. Geophys. Res. 105, 27, 251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welsch, B., Longcope, D.: 2003, Astrophys. J. 588, 620.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, A.N., Berger, M.A.: 1989, J. Geophys. Res. 94(A2), 1295.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA

    Dana Longcope, Colin Beveridge, Jiong Qiu & B. Ravindra

  2. Colorado Research Associates Division, NorthWest Research Associates Inc., 3380 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA

    Graham Barnes

  3. Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Sergio Dasso

  4. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio, IAFE, CC. 67 Suc. 28, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Sergio Dasso

Authors
  1. Dana Longcope
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Colin Beveridge
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jiong Qiu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. B. Ravindra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Graham Barnes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Sergio Dasso
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dana Longcope.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Longcope, D., Beveridge, C., Qiu, J. et al. Modeling and Measuring the Flux Reconnected and Ejected by the Two-Ribbon Flare/CME Event on 7 November 2004. Sol Phys 244, 45–73 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-007-0330-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-007-0330-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation