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Vineyard zone delineation by cluster classification based on annual grape and vine characteristics

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Abstract

This study describes a method for vineyard zone delineation based on spatial interpolation of data on annual monitoring of grape and vine growth from 2007 to 2012 for four commercial vines (Cabernet Sauvignon, Mencía, Merlot and Tempranillo) located in the Bierzo Denomination of Origen (NW Spain). A sampled grid of 20 × 29 m (14 vines/ha) was defined for each vineyard and data were collected for ten soil, six grape composition, three grape production and five vine vigour variables. Continuous maps of each variable were created by spatial interpolation from the sampled points. Several zone delineations were obtained by clustering—using the iterative self-organizing data analysis (ISODATA) algorithm—according to different combinations of the studied variables. The resulting zone delineations were analysed (ANOVA) in order to determine whether the variables in the two cluster classifications for two or three zones were statistically different from each other. The selected delineation was the cluster that included total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total phenolic content, pH, mean cluster weight and length of the internode in two zones. The results point to the feasibility of this approach to vineyard zone delineation. Further research is necessary to confirm the effectiveness of this approach for other locations and evaluate the usefulness of introducing new grape and vine variables.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

BW:

Mean berry weight (×10−3 kg)

Cgv2:

Two-zone delineation using interpolated maps of the grape and vine variables. The inputs were total soluble solids (ºBrix), titratable acidity (g/L), total phenolic content (A280), pH, cluster weight (kg 10−3) and length of the internode (m 10−2)

Cgv3:

Three-zone delineation using interpolated maps of the grape and vine variables. The inputs were total soluble solids (ºBrix), titratable acidity (g/L), total phenolic content (A280), pH, cluster weight (kg 10−3) and length of the internode (m 10−2)

CI:

Colour intensity (A420 + A520 + A620)

Cs2:

Two-zone delineation using interpolated maps of the soil variables. The inputs were sand (%), silt (%), clay (%), phosphorous (%), pH, calcium (%), magnesium (%), potassium (%) nitrogen (%) and organic matter (%)

Cs3:

Three-zone delineation using interpolated maps of the soil variables. The inputs were sand (%), silt (%), clay (%), phosphorous (%), pH, calcium (%), magnesium (%), potassium (%) nitrogen (%) and organic matter (%)

CT:

Colour tonality (A420/A520)

CV:

Coefficient of variation

CW:

Mean cluster weight (×10−3 kg)

DS:

Mean diameter of shoots (×10−3 m)

IC:

Cambardella index

LI:

Mean length of internodes (×10−2 m)

LS:

Mean length of shoots (×10−2 m)

NDVI:

Normalized difference vegetation index

OM:

Organic matter

PW:

Shoot pruning weight (×10−3 kg)

TA:

Titratable acidity (g/L)

TPC:

Total phenolic content (A280)

TSS:

Total soluble solids (ºBrix)

WS:

Mean weight of shoots (×10−3 kg)

Y:

Yield (×10−3 kg)

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the assistance of the Ribas del Cúa SA winery and the financial support of the Junta de Castilla y León (with ITACYL funding the GEOVID project). Ana Belén González-Fernández gratefully acknowledges financial support provided by the Education Department of the Junta de Castilla y León and the European Social Fund (Regional Strategy for Scientific Research, Technical Development and Innovation 2007–2013).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geomatics Engineering Research Group, University of León, Av. Astorga s/n, 24401, Ponferrada, León, Spain

    Ana Belén González-Fernández, José Ramón Rodríguez-Pérez & Enoc Sanz Ablanedo

  2. Department of Mining Exploitation and Prospecting, University of Oviedo, C/Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós, s/n., 33600, Mieres, Oviedo, Spain

    Celestino Ordoñez

Authors
  1. Ana Belén González-Fernández
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  2. José Ramón Rodríguez-Pérez
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  3. Enoc Sanz Ablanedo
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Correspondence to Ana Belén González-Fernández.

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González-Fernández, A.B., Rodríguez-Pérez, J.R., Ablanedo, E.S. et al. Vineyard zone delineation by cluster classification based on annual grape and vine characteristics. Precision Agric 18, 525–573 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-016-9475-4

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