Summary
Some basic types of phase transfer catalysts (PTC) were tested using the alkylation of phenol with butyl bromide as an example. Their activity decreases in the series ammonium salts — polyethylene-glycols — crown ethers. The reaction course is favourably affected by the polar solvent (dichloroethane), or by the nonpolar solvent (toluene) in the case of polyethyleneglycol. Immobilized catalytically active groups on the crosslinked polymer are always less active. The reaction rate in KOH is higher than in NaOH. The distribution of reaction components between the particular phases was investigated in detail, and conclusions regarding the reaction mechanism and kinetics were drawn from the distribution of concentrations.
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