Skip to main content
Log in

Combined FTIR spectroscopy and rheology for measuring melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive curing as influenced by different wood extracts

  • Original
  • Published:
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Reliable wood-adhesive bonds are crucial for future wood-biomass utilization. This ongoing research aims at systematically investigating interactions between adhesives and extractable wood constituents. The simultaneous examination of the progress of chemical reactions and changes in rheological properties of both pure adhesives and adhesive-extract mixtures, using a combination of FTIR spectroscopy and rheology, confirms major influences on the curing process of the melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive and provides fundamental information on their chemical interpretation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bockel S, Mayer I, Konnerth J, Harling S, Niemz P, Swaboda C, Beyer M, Bieri N, Weiland G, Pichelin F (2019) The role of wood extractives in structural hardwood bonding and their influence on different adhesive systems. Int J Adhes Adhes 91:43–53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bockel S, Mayer I, Konnerth J, Niemz P, Swaboda C, Beyer M, Harling S, Weiland G, Bieri N, Pichelin F (2018) Influence of wood extractives on two-component polyurethane adhesive for structural hardwood bonding. J Adhes 94(10):829–845, DOI: 0.1080/00218464.2017.1389279

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Canas S, Leandro MC, Spranger IM, Belchior AP (1999) Low molecular weight organic compounds of chestnut wood (Castanea sativa L.) and corresponding aged brandies. J Agric Food Chem 47:5023–5030

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colthup NB, Daly LH, Wiberley SE (1990) Introduction to infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Academic press Ltd, London, pp 1–73

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fengel D, Grosser D (1975) Chemische Zusammensetzung von Nadel-und Laubhölzern. Holz Roh Werkst 33(1):32–34 (Chemical composition of softwoods and hardwoods - A bibliographical review)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fengel D, Wegener G (2003) Wood: chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions. Verlag Kessel, Remagen

    Google Scholar 

  • Feustel M, Meyer F, Plog J (2012) Following chemical reactions with rheometry and simultaneous FTIR-spectroscopy. Proceedings, 70th Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers, ANTEC, vol 1. Orlando, Florida, USA, pp 48–50. ISBN: 978-1-62276-083-1

  • Good RJ (1972) Theory of "cohesive" vs. "adhesive" separation in an adhering system. J Adhes 4:133–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hse CY, Fu F, Pan H (2008) Melamine-modified urea formaldehyde resin for bonding particleboards. Forest Prod J 58(4):56–61

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kandelbauer A, Despres A, Pizzi A, Taudes I (2007) Testing by fourier transform infrared species variation during melamine–urea–formaldehyde resin preparation. J Appl Polym Sci 106(4):2192–2197

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katoueizadeh E, Zebarjad SM, Janghorban K (2019) Investigating the effect of synthesis conditions on the formation of urea–formaldehyde microcapsules. J Mater Res Tech 8(1):541–552

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Likozar B, Korošec RC, Poljanšek I, Ogorelec P, Bukovec P (2012) Curing kinetics study of melamine–urea–formaldehyde resin. J Therm Anal Calorim 109(3):1413–1422

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merline DJ, Vukusic S, Abdala A (2013) Melamine formaldehyde: curing studies and reaction mechanism. Polym J 45(4):413

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Myers GE (1981) Investigation of urea–formaldehyde polymer cure by infrared. J Appl Polym Sci 26(3):747–764

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum RM, Sterley M (2007) The effect of wood extractive content on glue adhesion and surface wettability of wood. Wood Fiber Sci 34(1):57–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Pizzi A (2003) Melamine-formaldehyde adhesives. In: Pizzi A, Mittal KL (eds) Handbook of adhesive Technology, vol 2. Part:3 Adhesive classes, Book chapter 32, CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203912225.ch32

  • Roffael E (2016) Significance of wood extractives for wood bonding. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 100(4):1589–1596

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheepers ML, Adriaensens PJ, Gelan JM, Carleer RA, Vanderzande DJ, Vries NK, Brandts PM (1995) Demonstration of methylene-ether brIDge formation in melamine-formaldehyde resins. J Polym Sci Pol Chem 33:915–920

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagenführ R, Scheiber C (2007) Holzatlas (Wood atlas). Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig, pp 720–720

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeppenfeld G (1991) Klebstoffe in der Holz-und Möbelindustrie: mit 80 Tabellen. (Adhesives in the wood and furniture industry: including 80 Tables). Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The research work is funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) and managed by the German Federation of Industrial Research Associations (AiF) and the Int. Association for Technical Issues related to Wood (iVTH), Project number IGF 19314 N). The authors thank for the financial support. The authors also thank BASF GmbH, Germany for providing the adhesive and hardener.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Merve Özparpucu.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Özparpucu, M., Wolfrum, T., Windeisen-Holzhauser, E. et al. Combined FTIR spectroscopy and rheology for measuring melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive curing as influenced by different wood extracts. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 78, 85–91 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-019-01481-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-019-01481-0

Navigation